JEFFERSON'S 
UNIVERSITY 


GLIMPSES  OF  THE  PAST 
AND  PRESENT  OF  THE 
UNIVERSITY  OF  VIRGINIA 


JEFFERSON'S  UNIVERSITY 


GLIMPSES  OF  THE  PAST 
AND  PRESENT  OF  THE 
UNIVERSITY  OF  VIRGINIA 


Hope  dies,  love  withers,  memory  fails  and  fades, 
But  through  the  long  years'  ceaseless  ebb  and  flow 

These  faint,  far  Echoes  from  the  old  Arcades,— 
Blown  through  the  reeds  of  boyhood  long  ago,-- 

In  sunlit  hours,  in  twilight's  quiet  shades 
Will  speak  to  us  of  One  we  used  to  know. 

--James  Lindsay  Gordon,  in  Arcade  Echoes. 


EDITORS: 
JOHN  S.  PATTON 
SALLIE  J.  DOSWELL 
LEWIS  D.  CRENSHAW 


*fc 


Copyrighted  1915 

by 
John  S.  Patton,  Sallie  J.  Doswell,  Lewis  D.  Crenshaw 


T-.     .....    ~  Copies  of  this  book,  at  $   .00  postoaid,  may 

The  Michie  Company,  Printers  _ ,.          .     ' 

r*.     i          -ii     \/  be  obtained  rrom  tailors,  Jeiterson  s 

Charlottesville,  Va.  .       ...        .       . , 

University,  University,  Va. 


FOREWORD 

A  great  master  of  phrases  once  described  a  university 
''as  a  place  which  attracts  the  affections  of  the  young  by 
its  fame,  wins  the  judgment  of  the  middle-aged  by  its 
beauty,  and  rivets  the  memory  of  the  old  by  its  associa- 
tions." The  purpose  of  the  authors  of  "JefTerson's  Uni- 
versity" has  been  to  set  forth  this  ancient  foundation  in 
such  fashion  as  to  accomplish  this  threefold  purpose.  It 
is  an  inspiring  story,  and  I  hope  the  recital  will  bring 
pleasure  and  high  memories  to  those  who  know  the  place, 
and  incentive  to  those  who  are  reaching  up  to  its  wide 
spaces. 

EDWIN  A.  ALDERMAN. 


THE     KARL    BITTER    STATUE    OF    THOMAS     JEFFERSON 


I 

IN     THE     BEGINNING 

THE  University  of  Virginia  grew  out  of  the  thinking  and 
dreaming  of  one  man.  The  story  of  its  building, 
after  fifty  years  of  yearning,  brings  into  view  another  per- 
sonality— a  young  Virginian  lately  returned  from  French 
and  Italian  universities  to  engage  in  some  work  that  would 
be  a  tribute  of  service  to  his  people.  The  opportunity  at 
hand  for  a  great  achievement,  the  right  men  were  thus  met ; 
Thomas  Jefferson  to  whom  the  vision  had  come,  to  guide 
and  direct,  and  Joseph  Carrington  Cabell  to  enter  the 
arena — the  senate  of  Virginia — and  champion  and  win 
statutory  tangibleness  for  the  noble  enterprise. 

THE  EARLY  PROFESSORS 

In  the  telling  of  the  story,  Albemarle  Academy  would 
call  for  a  passing  thought,  though  it  never  existed,  and 
Central  College  would  require  a  word,  though  its  academe 
never  resounded  with  student  voices.  The  first  professors 
would  afford  an  interesting  hour,  especially  those  who  had 
come  over  sea  when  ocean  voyaging  was  attended  with 
danger  and  discomfort — Blaettermann,  from  "33  Castle 
street,  Holborn,"  to  quote  Mr.  Jefferson,  "a  German  who 
was  acquainted  with  our  countrymen  Ticknor  and  Preston, 
and  was  highly  recommended  by  them;"  George  Long,  the 
Oxford  graduate,  "a  small,  delicate-looking  blonde  man," 
charming  enough  to  catch  a  Virginia  widow ;  and  three 
others — Thomas  Hewitt  Key,  Charles  Bonnycastle  and 
Robley  Dunglison — who  came  over  in  the  same  vessel,  the 


UNIVERSITY 


"Competitor."  This  voyage  required  nearly  four  months, 
six  weeks  of  which  were  spent  in  beating  about  the  Chan- 
nel* 

Another  of  the  first  faculty,  Dr.  John  P.  Emmet,  though 
educated  in  this  country,  was  a  native  of  Great  Britain, 


GEORGE    TUCKER. 
FIRST  CHAIRMAN  OF  THE  FACULTY 


and  a  nephew  of  the  Irish  orator.  There  was  only  one 
Virginian  in  the  faculty  of  1825,  and  he  first  saw  the  light 
under  a  foreign  flag.  This  was  George  Tucker  (born  of 


*In  1854,  when  Mr.  Key  was  a  candidate  for  the  Latin  pro- 
ressorship,  then  just  constituted  at  Oxford,  he  told  the  writer 
in  his  room  at  Lincoln  College,  in  M^.y  or  June,  that  the  sea 


IN  THE  BEGINNING  7 

Virginia  parents  in  the  Bermudas),  who  was  called  from 
a  seat  in  Congress,  where  he  was  one  of  the  Old  Dominion's 
representatives,  to  fill  the  chair  of  Moral  Science  in  the 
University  of  Virginia. 

Among  the  successors  of  these  learned  men  were  many 
whose  lives  furnish  interesting  data  for  the  college  his- 
torian. The  present  sketch  does  not  deal  with  the  whole 
subject,  but  with  glimpses  and  impressions  of  the  Univer- 
sity which  will  recall  to  the  minds  of  her  sons  fragments 
of  her  story  and  theirs  which  may  have  been  forgotten. 

To  many  of  us  who  return  to  renew,  at  this  place, 
associations  long  since  broken,  around  these  old  ar- 
cades voices  instinct  with  the  gladness  of  life's  spring- 
time "continually  do  cry."  At  every  corner,  and  in 
the  shadow  of  every  arch  and  pillar  here,  memories 
meet  us  out  of  the  years  when  life  was  alight  with 
faith  and  hope,  and  death  was  only  a  dream.  For  us 
these  dim  old  halls  are  tenanted  with  the  countless 
ghosts  of  boyish  ambitions  that  faded  in  the  light  of 
the  world  beyond.  Here  hope  has  sung  for  many  a 
young  poet  his  deathless  song  that  never  floated  into 
speech — here  for  many  an  untried  orator,  with  soul- 
compelling  eloquence,  have  the  senates  of  dreamland 
rung. — JAMES  LINDSAY  GORDON. 

A  visitor  to  the  University  who  comes  impressed  with 
its  history  will  not  be  disappointed  in  the  dignity  of  its 
architecture  and  the  beauty  of  its  surroundings.  Its  cam- 
pus, which  bears  the  modest  name  of  The  Lawn,  is  of  un- 

was  so  tremendous  during  the  voyage  to  America  that  he  had 
been' washed  out  of  the  ship  by  one  wave  and  into  it  again  by 
the  next.  Feeling  rather  staggered  at  this,  I  ventured  to 
cross-examine  Mr.  Key,  but  I  could  not  shake  him;  he  only 
added,  "I  struck  out,"  which,  however,  might  have  been  d'one 
within  board. — JOHN  POWER  HICKS. 


8  JEFFERSON'S  UNIVERSITY 

surpassed  beauty,  and  the  tourist  will  tread  its  Tuscan 
arcades  and  study  its  classic  fagades  with  an  unexpected 
interest.  On  this  Lawn  three  Presidents  of  the  United 
States — Jefferson,  Madison  and  Monroe — have  conferred 
upon  the  issues  of  higher  education  in  Virginia  with  the 
earnestness  with  which  the  great  men  of  the  earlier  days 
of  the  century  devoted  themselves  to  the  problems  that 
faced  them. 

Not  the  least  interesting  of  the  records  of  this  institu- 
tion is  that  thin,  yellowed  Record  Book  of  the  Board  of 
Visitors  in  the  days  when  Jefferson  was  Rector,  and  Madi- 
son and  Monroe  were  fellow-members  of  that  Board,  the 
most  of  whose  pages  were  written  by  the  cramped  fingers 
of  the  founder,  then  four  score  years  of  age.  The  last 
entry,  penned  in  a  good  round  hand  in  spite  of  the  stiffened 
joints,  and  without  any  evidence  of  the  tremulousness  which 
the  weight  of  years  usually  brings,  was  made  by  Mr.  Jef- 
ferson three  months  before  his  death,  on  July  4,  1826.* 

EARLY  ADMINISTRATION 

Until  1904  the  University  had  had  no  president.  The 
executive  was  the  Chairman  of  the  Faculty,  who  stood  in 


*You  propose  to  me  to  write  to  half  a  dozen  gentlemen  on 
this  subject.  You  do  not  know,  my  dear  sir,  how  great  is  my 
physical  inability  to  write.  The  joints  of  my  right  wrist  and 
fingers,  in  consequence  of  an  antient  dislocation,  are  become 
so  stiffened  that  I  can  write  but  at  the  pace  of  a  snail.  The 
copying  our  report,  and  my  letter  lately  sent  to  the  Governor, 
being  seven  pages  only,  employed  me  laboriously  a  whole  week. 
The  letter  I  am  now  writing  you  [three  printed  octavo  pages] 
has  taken  me  two  days.  I  have  been  obliged,  therefore,  to 
withdraw  from  letter  writing  but  in  cases  of  the  most  indis- 
pensable urgency.  A  letter  of  a  page  or  two  costs  me  a  day 
or  two  of  labor,  and  of  painful  labor. — JEFFERSON  TO  CABELL,  1822. 


DR.    JAMES    M.   PAGE,    LAST   CHAIRMAN    OF   THE   FACULTY 


10  JEFFERSON'S  UNIVERSITY 

somewhat  the  same  relation  of  a  college  president  to  the 
responsibilities  of  control  and  direction,  but  he  was  not 
nearly  so  absolute.  The  faculty  was  his  cabinet,  and  the 
faculty  committees  distributed  the  administration  in  a 
rather  general  way.  Each  member  felt  that  he  had  a  re- 
sponsible share  in  all  that  was  done,  and  the  chairman  con- 
sulted with  this  official  body  on  all  matters  which  involved 
a  new  policy.  The  course  once  decided  upon  in  a  faculty 
meeting  was  carried  into  effect  usually  by  the  chairman  or 
was  by  him  delegated  to  some  special  committee  or  some 
assistant. 

On  the  fourteenth  of  June,  1904,  Dr.  Edwin  Anderson 
Alderman  was  elected  president,  and  the  old  order  gave 
way  to  the  new.  He  was  publicly  welcomed  to  the  Uni- 
versity September  15,  1904,  and  formally  installed  in  of- 
fice April  13,  1905, — the  anniversary  of  the  founder's 
birth. 

Mr.  Jefferson  combatted  with  all  the  force  of  his  stately 
reasoning  the  establishment  of  a  presidency,  even  when 
William  Wirt  was  expected  to  be  the  first  incumbent,  and 
was  content  with  a  chairman  of  the  faculty  as  the  execu- 
tive. But  in  the  nearly  a  century  that  has  elapsed  since 
the  beginning  of  the  active  career  of  the  institution  in 
March,  1825, — a  period  of  amazing  development  in  all 
fields  of  endeavor,  especially  in  America — there  has  been 
a  constant  emergence  of  problems  that  have  affected  the 
University's  material  prosperity,  and  much  more.  Adjust- 
ment to  the  new  conditions,  which  these  problems  have 
brought  about,  was  necessary  to  preserve  the  vitality  and 
extend  the  usefulness  of  the  institution.  The  executive  of- 
fice as  established,  defined  .and  defended  by  Jefferson  was 
so  involved  in  the  accumulation  and  persistence  of  admin- 
istrative difficulties  that  its  constitution  was  eventually 


IN  THE  BEGINNING  11 

changed  by  authority  of  the  legislature;  and  a  new  era  in 
the  life  of  the  University  began  with  the  installation  of 
President  Alderman. 

CHARACTERISTICS 

In  the  ordinary  meaning  of  the  term,  there  is  no  cur- 
riculum, aided  by  time,  to  carry  all  alike  forward  to  coveted 
degrees.  Time  is  not  an  element  in  the  winning  of  honors 
here.  While  there  is  an  average  period  within  which  the 
average  student  may  safely  count  upon  winning  his  diplo- 
mas, the  diploma  comes  at  last  as  the  reward  of  merit  and 
earnest  effort.  So  that,  while  this  institution  is  not  .alone 
among  places  of  learning  in  reckoning  sound  attainments 
as  a  pre-requisite  for  its  honors,  it  maintains  a  just  emi- 
nence in  this  matter  and  cannot  be  attacked  as  having 
in  any  degree  permitted  its  freedom  to  cheapen  its  glories. 
No  honorary  degree  has  ever  been  conferred. 

The  students  conduct  various  enterprises  which  prepare 
them  for  the  greater  fields  to  which  they  are  destined. 

In  literary  matters  they  have  forums  for  debate  and  lit- 
erary disquisition.  They  publish  an  annual,  a  monthly  liter- 
ary magazine,  and  a  bi-weekly,  College  Topics.  They  have 
their  secret  societies,  chiefly  of  the  Greek-letter  order, 
their  school  clubs,  their  german  clubs  and  a  glee  and  man- 
dolin club,  and  other  organizations  demanded  by  their  so- 
cial natures  and  ambitions.  There  are  elections  which,  in 
a  good-natured  way,  sometimes  shake  the  college  world 
as  national  political  struggles  stir  the  American  people. 
The  choice  of  members  of  the  Executive  Committee  of  the 
General  Athletic  Association  is  often  attended  with  as  much 
political  skill  and  finesse — considering  the  area  of  oppor- 
tunity— as  are  devoted  to  the  selection  of  a  United  States 


12  JEFFERSON'S  UNIVERSITY 

senator  or  the  nomination  of  a  president  of  the  American 
republic      To  be  the    manager  of    the    football  or  baseball 


COLONNADE,    EAST    WING   OF    ROTUNDA 

team,  to  be  the  man  of  chief  influence  in  the  athletic  as- 
sociation, are  honors  coveted  and  well  worth  the  wearing. 
The  large  place  which  the  athletes  of  this  institution  have 
made  for  themselves  in  the  amateur  athletic  world  is  well 


IN  THE  BEGINNING  13 

known  to  those  who  take  interest  in  such  matters,  and  need 
not  be  written  of  in  this  place. 

THE:  STUDENT  HERE: 

The  atmosphere  of  this  college  world  is  ideal.  Here  a 
man's  consequence  is  not  determined  by  his  antecedents 
nor  by  his  wealth,  but  by  his  ability  and  by  his  character, 
for  which  his  antecedents  have  the  right  to  take  some 
credit.  There  is  absolute  equality  of  opportunity.  Class 
and  caste  exist  inoffensively,  not  as  the  result  of  accident, 
but  of  the  necessity  growing  out  of  differences  in  gifts  and 
character  which  must  be  found  in  all  large  assemblages  of 
men.  So  long,  however,  as  equal  opportunity  is  afforded 
no  one  can  complain,  and  no  one  does  complain.  This  at- 
mosphere promotes  robust  manhood  and  rapid,  healthful 
growth  and  love  of  integrity.  The  man  who,  while  a  stu- 
dent at  the  University,  neglects  his  opportunities,  so  far  as 
tuition  is  concerned,  is  still  benefited  beyond  calculation  by 
the  views  of  life  which  are  unfolded  to  him.  There  is  here 
no  method  or  manner  which  results  in  levity  or  frivolous 
idling  with  serious  and  important  problems.  The  boy  who 
enters  this  University  is,  in  this  respect,  a  man  wlien  he 
leaves  it,  and  usually  a  man  to  be  reckoned  with. 

THE  STUDENT  HEREAFTER 

When  University  days  are  over  and  the  student  becomes 
an  alumnus,  it  is  found  that  he  is  well  equipped,  usually, 
for  the  difficulties  of  life.  The  men  of  this  institution  are 
the  chief  ones  in  their  communities  throughout  the  South 
and  their  influence  and  position  in  the  cities  of  their  sec- 
tions are  conceded.  In  New  York,  and  in  other  cities 


14 


JEFFERSON'S  UNIVERSITY 


North,  East  and  West,  their  talents  and  acquirements  have 
brought  them  well  to  the  front  and  made  them  useful. 


ED  GAR  ALLAN  POE 


POE'S    ROOM,    NO.    13    WEST    RANGE 

In  Southern  literature  the  University  man  has  exercised 
a  vast  influence  and  won  for  himself  fame,  and  for  his 
Alma  Mater,  distinction.  As  a  teacher,  his  charms  and 
excellences  are  remembered  by  the  alumni  of  scores  of  col- 


IN  THE  BEGINNING  15 

leges  and  universities ;  as  a  lawyer,  his  voice  has  been 
potent  with  juries,  and  his  learning  and  probity  have  added 
lustre  to  the  judiciary;  as  a  physician,  he  has  ministered 
with  surpassing  skill  in  army  and  navy,  and  in  general 
practice ;  as  a  clergyman,  he  has  worn  the  cloth  worthily  in 
the  highest,  as  in  the  humblest,  fields ;  in  politics,  his  name 
has  been  legion,  and  his  influence  for  the  better  policies  and 
doctrines  of  the  republic;  in  war,  "a  paladin  flaming  in 
battle." 

To  trace  individually  the  men  who,  after  leaving  this 
University,  have  gained  renown,  would  be  an  interesting 
but  almost  interminable  task,  although  some  have  done  this 
very  worthily.  Professor  Wm.  P.  Trent,  '84,  has,,  in  this 
way,  produced  some  very  pleasant  pages.  In  concluding 
them  he  said:  "It  is  highly  interesting  to  watch  the  'roll- 
ing stones'  of  the  University,  many  of  whom,  after  trying 
three  or  more  professions,  finally  wound  up  as  'forty- 
niners'  in  California.  One  got  into  Garibaldi's  service; 
one  started  from  Virginia,  was  a  member  of  the  Texas 
Congress,  then  treasurer  of  Texas,  then  got  a  diplomatic 
appointment  abroad,  and  finally  settled  down  as  a  farmer 
in  Maryland.  One  student  from  Peru  became  a  professor 
of  law  in  the  University  of  Lima,  was  afterwards  Secre- 
tary of  Foreign  Affairs,  and  then  represented  his  govern- 
ment in  China  and  Japan.  But  perhaps  the  entry  which 
gave  me  most  food  for  reflection  was  the  following ;  Na- 
thaniel Holt  Clanton,  of  Augusta,  Ga. ;  born  1847 ;  student, 
Paris,  France ;  pressed  into  service  of  Commune,  and 
killed  on  barricades,  1872."* 


*In  his  sketch  "The  Influence  of  the  University  of  Virginia 
upon  Southern  Life  and  Thought"  in  "Thomas  Jefferson  and 
the  University  of  Virginia"  by  Dr.  Herbert  B.  Adams. 


16  JEFFERSON'S  UNIVERSITY 

I  salute  with  reverence  the  splendid  memories  that 
gather  about  this  illustrious  University.  The  annals 
of  your  alma  mater  are  rich  with  the  records  of  serv- 
ice and  bright  with  the  inspiration  of  immortal  names. 
Out  yonder  your  books  are  writ  in  the  reg- 
istry of  a  great  alumni.  Georgia  has  made  her  princely 
contribution  to  the  roll,  Alabama  has  lighted  her 
torch  of  genius  at  this  inspiring  altar.  South  Carolina 
has  sent  her  patriot  sons  for  grand  equipment  here. 
Mississippi  and  Texas,  and  their  sister  States  beyond 
the  Potomac  and  the  Ohio,  joining  their  worthy  youth 
to  the  steady  stream  from  old  Virginia,  have  moulded 
here  the  men  who  helped  to  make  the  republic  great. — 
JOHN  TEMPLE  GRAVES. 

EDUCATIONAL,  FREEDOM 

When  Mr.  Jefferson  said  that  he  ''had  sworn  upon  the 
altar  of  God  eternal  hostility  to  every  form  of  tyranny 
over  the  mind  of  man,"  the  sentence  bore  all  the  signifi- 
cance that  it  was  possible  to  attribute  to  it.  It  was  the 
vehicle  of  truth,  and  was  not  framed  for  rhetorical  effect. 
He  believed  in  free  government,  and  wrote  its  charter  in 
the  Declaration  of  Independence.  He  believed  in  freedom 
of  religious  thought,  and  gave  it  lawful  existence  in  the 
Virginia  statute.  He  believed  in  free  choice  of  .a  career  in 
educational  achievement,  and,  in  the  University,  gave  the 
opportunity  of  election.  Before  the  foundation  had  been 
laid  in  brick  and  mortar  he  had  written  to  a  young  Boston- 
ian,  George  Ticknor:  "I  am  not  fully  informed  of  the 
practices  at  Harvard,  but  there  is  one  from  which  we  shall 
certainly  vary,  although  it  has  been  copied,  I  believe,  by 
nearly  every  college  and  academy  in  the  United  States. 
That  is,  the  holding  the  students  all  to  one  prescribed 
course  of  reading,  and  disallowing  exclusive  application  to 
those  branches  only  which  are  to  qualify  them  for  the  par- 


IN  THE  BEGINNING  17 

ticular  vocations  to  which  they  are  destined.  We  shall, 
on  the  contrary,  allow  them  uncontrolled  choice  in  the  lec- 
tures they  shall  choose  to  attend,  and  require  elementary 
qualification  only,  and  sufficient  age.  Our  institution  will 
proceed  on  the  principle  of  doing  all  the  good  it  can,  with- 
out consulting  its  own  pride  or  ambition ;  of  letting  every 
one  come  and  listen  to  whatever  he  thinks  may  improve  the 
condition  of  his  mind." 

Of  course,  the  applicant  for  a  degree  must  comply  with 
the  conditions  upon  which  the  desired  honor  is  offered. 
For  nearly  a  century  this  system  has  been  in  vogue  with 
results  so  satisfactory  that  it  has  commended  itself  to  other 
important  institutions  of  learning. 

The  freedom  which  prevails  in  the  choice  of  classes  was 
extended  at  the  very  beginning  to  religious  activity  within 
the  University.  All  sects  were  invited  to  come  and  enjoy 
whatever  advantages  its  courses  afforded,  the  University 
to  be  free  from  any  responsibility  for  the  teaching  of  the 
seminaries,  should  they  be  established  in  nearness  to  the 
college,  and,  of  course,  the  seminaries  to  have  no  connec- 
tion whatever  with  the  University.  Religious  investigation 
was  not  to  be  "precluded,"  but  denominational  views  could 
not  be  taught,  because  the  institution  was  a  part  of  the 
State,  and  any  propagandist!!  whatever  would  be  repug- 
nant to  the  constitution. 

PERSONAL  FREEDOM  AND  HONOR 

At  this  University  the  student  is  treated  not  only  as  a 
man  but  as  a  man  of  honor  until,  by  his  own  conduct,  he 
shows  himself  unworthy.  It  rarely  occurs  that  he  proves 
so.  This  confidence  excites  in  him  a  reverence  for  things 
of  good  report  which  has  a  vast  influence  upon  his  be- 


18  JEFFERSON'S  UNIVERSITY 

havior  as  a  student  and  in  his  intercourse  with  men  in  after 
life.  There  is  no  espionage  either  within  or  without  the 
class-room;  perfect  probity  is  conceded  to  every  one  and 
his  statement  on  any  subject  whatever  is  received  without 
the  attestation  of  an  oath.  In  examinations  the  student  is 
free  from  surveillance,  and  when  his  papers  are  handed  in 
he  writes  above  his  signature  that  he  has  neither  received 
nor  given  assistance,  and  this  pledge  goes  unquestioned. 
There  are  a  few  instances  on  record  where  men  have  abused 
this  confidence  and  tarnished  their  good  names  by  dis- 
honesty in  the  preparation  of  their  examination  papers. 
The  punishment  was  swift  and  effective.  No  meeting  of 
the  faculty  was  necessary ;  official  action  was  forestalled  by 
the  voluntary  action  of  the  student  body.  The  offence  was 
regarded  as  not  only  one  against  the  rules  and  regulations 
of  the  institution,  but,  in  a  large  sense,  a  violence  done  the 
traditional  honor  of  the  student  body,  which  it  was  the  spe- 
cial privilege  of  the  students  to  avenge.  No  culprit  has 
been  roughly  handled ;  he  has  been  simply  made  aware  of 
the  existence  of  a  strong  public  sentiment  which  makes  it 
impossible  for  a  man  to  stain  his  honor  and  remain  a  stu- 
dent at  the  University  of  Virginia. 

"For  the  graver  cases  of  academic  discipline  the 
HONOR  SVSTKM  has  transformed  the  University  of 
Virginia  into  what  is  in  effect  a  gentleman's  club. 
Expulsion  from  it  is  the  most  fearful  penalty  which 
can  befall  a  young  Virginian.  If  he  remains  at  home 
it  is  to  face  the  lifelong  contempt  of  his  social  equals, 
to  be  debarred  from  every  office  of  honor  in  the  Com- 
monwealth, to  be  shut  out  of  every  club,  to  be  ex- 
cluded from  all  positions  of  trust  and  confidence.  If 
he  goes  abroad,  the  stigma  still  rests  upon  him  and  to 
the  omnipresent  Virginian  and  all  who  derive  their 
views  from  him  the  unfortunate  offender  is  a  Pariah 


IN  THE  BEGINNING  19 

and  an  outcast.  At  long  intervals  offences  occur  and 
are  thus  treated,  while  the  unhappy  wretch  slinks  off 
to  some  merciful  obscurity  of  retirement  and  there 
buries  his  vain  repentance,  his  blasted  hopes,  his  ig- 
noble fears,  his  desecrated  life."  * 


*"The  Genesis  of  the  Honor  System."  An  address  at  the 
Marion  (Ala.)  Military  Institute,  April  13,  1904,  by  William  M. 
Thornton. 


••atr- 


II 

BUILDING    THE    UNIVERSITY 

MR.  JEFFERSON,  in  a  letter  to  Dr.  William  Thorn- 
ton, describes  his  plan  for  the  grounds  and  build- 
ings of  the  University:  "We  are  commencing  here  the  es- 
tablishment of  a  college,  and  instead  of  building  a  mag- 
nificent house  which  would  exhaust  all  our  funds,  we  pro- 
pose to  lay  off  a  square  of  about  700  or  800  feet,  on  the 
outside  of  which  we  shall  arrange  separate  pavilions,  one 
for  each  professor  and  his  scholars.  Each  pavilion  will 
have  a  school-room  below  and  two  rooms  for  the  professor 
above ;  and  between  pavilion  and  pavilion  a  range  of  dor- 
mitories for  the  boys,  one  story  high,  giving  to  each  stu- 
dent a  room  10  feet  wide  by  14  feet  deep,  the  pavilions 
about  36  wide  in  front  and  24  in  depth.  The  whole  of 
the  pavilions  and  dormitories  to  be  united  by  a  colonnade 
in  front  of  the  height  of  the  lower  story  of  the  pavilions, 
under  which  they  may  go  dry  from  school  to  school.  The 
colonnade  will  be  of  square  brick  pilasters  (at  first)  with  a 
Tuscan  entablature.  Now  what  we  wish  is  that  these  pa- 
vilions, as  they  will  show  themselves  above  the  dormi- 
tories, shall  be  models  of  taste  and  good  architecture,  and 
of  a  variety  of  appearance,  no  two  alike,  so  as  to  serve  as 
specimens  for  the  architectural  lectures." 

THE:  LAWN 

This  plan  was  followed  with  results  which  are  very  well 
shown  in  the  birds-eye  view  (on  page  20.)  Taking  this 
view  as  a  chart,  the  ensuing  statements  will  be  easily  un- 


WEST     LAWN 


EAST    LAWN 


PAVILION    I. 
Diocletian's    Baths  — 
Doric. 
Prof.  Emmet. 
Prof.  Courtenay. 
Prof.  Bledsoe. 
Prof.  Gildersleeve. 
Prof.    Page,    John    R. 
Prof.  Tuttle. 
Board  of  Visitors. 

PAVILION    II. 
Temple    Fortuna 
Virilis  —  Ionic. 
Prof.  Johnson. 
Prof.  Warner. 
Prof.  Cabell. 
Prof.  Dabney,  W.  C. 
Prof.  Buckmaster. 
Prof.  Harrison,  J.  A. 
Prof.  Smith,  C.  A. 

PAVILION   III. 
Palladia  —  Corinthian. 
Prof.  Lomax. 
Prof.  Davis,  T.  A.  G. 
Prof.  Magill. 
Prof.  Griffith. 
Prof.  Howard. 
Prof.  Peters. 
Prof.  Harrison,  J.  F. 
Prof.  Dabney,  W.  C. 
Prof.  Garnett. 
Col.  Carter,  Proctor. 
Prof.  Minor,  R'.  C. 

PAVILION    IV. 
Albano'  —  Doric. 
Prof.  Blaettermann. 
Prof.  Kraitsir. 
Prof.  Schele  DeVere. 
Prof.  Kent. 
Administration  Bldg. 

Alley. 

Alley. 

PAVILION    V. 
Palladia  —  Ionic,  with 
Modillions. 
Prof.  Long. 
Prof.  Patterson. 
Prof.  Harrison,  G. 
Prof.  Smith,  F.  H. 
Prof.  Kent. 

THE  LAWN 

PAVILION    VI. 
Theatre  Mqrcellus  — 
Ionic. 
Prof.  Key. 
Prof.  Harrison,  G. 
Prof.  Rogers,  W.  B. 
Prof.  Smith,  F.  H. 
Prof.  Coleman. 
Prof.  Holmes. 
Prof.  Perkinson. 
Prof.  Graves. 

Alley. 

Alley. 

PAVILION    VII. 
Palladia  —  Doric. 
Prof.  Davis,  T.  S. 
Prof.  Boeck. 
Prof.  Davis,  N.  K. 
Colonnade  Club. 

PAVILION  VIII. 
Diocletian's  Baths  — 
Corinthian. 
Prof.  Bonnycastle. 
Prof.  Rogers,  R.  E. 
Prof.  Smith,  J.  L. 
Prof.  Maupin. 
Prof.  Davis,  J.  S. 
Prof.  Venable. 
Prof.  Echols. 

Alley. 

Alley. 

PAVILION   IX. 
Temple  Fortuna 
Virilis  —  Ionic. 
Prof.  Tucker,  Geo. 
Prof.  McGuffey. 
Prof.  Peters. 
Prof.  FitzHugh. 

PAVILION   X. 
Theatre  Marcellus  — 
Doric. 
Prof.  Dunglison. 
Prof.  Davis,  J.  A.  G. 
Prof.  Tucker,  H.  St.  G 
Prof.  Minor,  J.  B. 
Prof.  Lile. 

Mechanical  Laboratory. 


Physical  Laboratory. 


CABELL  HALL 


BUILDING  THE  UNIVERSITY 


23 


derstood.  The  central  "square"  or  campus  shown  in  this 
picture  is  known  as  "The  Lawn."  It  was  once  bounded  on 
three  sides  by  buildings,  but  is  now  entirely  enclosed, 
Cabell  Hall  and  the  Physical  and  Mechanical  Labora- 
tories being  the  last  of  these  erections.  The  Rotunda 
stands  at  the  north  end,  and,  with  the  surrounding 
terrace,  occupies  the  entire  width.  At  the  opposite  end  of 
"The  Lawn"  is  Cabell  Hall,  already  referred  to.  East 
Lawn,  which  consists  of  five  pavilions,  or  professors' 


GRADUATION    DAY 
ACADEMIC   PROCESSION    MARCHING   DOWN    LAWN 

residences,  connected  by  students'  dormitories,  encloses 
I  he  left  side  of  the  Lawn  as  it  is  viewed  from  the  Rotunda, 
while  West  Lawn,  made  up  of  the  same  number  of  pavil- 
ions with  connecting  dormitories,  encloses  the  right  side. 
The  width  of  the  Lawn  from  arcade  to  arcade  is  two  hun- 
dred feet,  and  its  length  from  the  Rotunda  portico  to  the 
portico  of  Cabell  Hall  is  one  thousand  feet.  It  is  a  gradual 
descent  from  the  Rotunda  steps  to  the  Hall,  the  grade  be- 
ing distributed  by  five  terraces.  These  pavilions  and  dor- 
mitories were  ready  for  occupancy  in  1823,  having  been 
erected  in  accordance  with  the  plans  of  Mr.  Jefferson,  de- 
rived chiefly  from  Palladio. 


24  JEFFERSON'S  UNIVERSITY 

The  first  pavilion  on  West  Lawn,  counting  from  the  Ro- 
tunda end  of  the  campus,  is  an  adaptation  of  the  Doric  of 
Diocletian's  Baths ;  the  pavilion  next  in  order  on  the  same 
side — now  occupied  by  Professor  Raleigh  C.  Minor — is  the 
Corinthian  of  Palladio ;  Professor  Charles  W.  Kent's  resi- 
dence (long  known  .as  Prof.  F.  H.  Smith's),  is  Palladio's 
Ionic  order  with  modillions ;  the  fourth  pavilion,  once  the 
home  of  Professor  Noah  K.  Davis,  but  now  that  of  the 
Colonnade  Club,  is  Doric  of  Palladio.  This  building  is  the 
remains  of  old  Central  College,  the  nucleus  about  which 
Jefferson  erected  his  more  ambitious  institution.  For  sev- 
eral years  after  the  University  was  in  operation  this  building 
was  used  as  the  Library,  and  was  long  known  as  the  "Old 
Library."  Its  cornerstone  was  laid  by  Widow's  Son  Lodge, 
of  Charlottesville,  Va.,  October  6,  1817,  in  the  presence  of 
Jefferson,  Madison,  Monroe,  and  many  other  distinguished 
people.  This  pavilion  was  probably  not  occupied  as  a  pro- 
fessor's residence  until  after  1840.  The  last  pavilion  on 
the  west  side  is  occupied  by  Professor  Thomas  FitzHugh, 
and  is  Ionic  of  the  Temple  of  Fortuna  Virilis. 

Crossing  the  Lawn  and  ascending  toward  the  Rotunda, 
the  first  pavilion — that  so  long  occupied  by  Professor  John 
B.  Minor,  and  now  the  home  of  Professor  William  M. 
Lile — is  Doric  of  the  Theatre  of  Marcellus,  while  the  Co- 
rinthian of  the  Baths  of  Diocletian  was  copied  for  the  pa- 
vilion, now  the  home  of  Professor  William  H.  Echols. 
Following  this  is  the  old  Holmes  pavilion,  now  the  resi- 
dence of  Professor  Charles  A.  Graves,  in  the  Ionic  of  the 
Theatre  of  Marcellus ;  the  Doric  of  Albano  appears  in  the 
next  pavilion,  so  long  the  home  of  Professor  Schele  De 
Vere,  where  the  administrative  offices  are  now  located. 
The  Ionic  of  Fortuna  Virilis  is  the  order  of  the  pavilion 
which  stands  at  the  head  of  East  Lawn,  completing  the 


BUILDING  THE  UNIVERSITY  25 

list,  and  now  occupied  by  Professor  Charles  Alphonso 
Smith. 

As  planned,  the  Lawn  was  to  be  devoid  of  trees,  so  that 
nothing  would  interfere  with  the  severely  classic  acces- 
sories, but  at  present  two  rows  of  handsome  maples  border 
each  side.  At  first  the  spaces  now  occupied  by  the  terrace 
wings  of  the  south  front  of  the  Rotunda  were  open  arcades 
designed  as  places  for  exercise  in  bad  weather. 

The  professors  resident  in  the  pavilions  taught  their 
classes  in  them  and  not,  as  at  present  and  for  many  years, 
in  lecture  rooms  elsewhere. 

The  English  don  (Professor  Long)  must 
have  surprised  the  authorities  by  marrying  a  Virginia 
widow.  Jefferson  had  imagined  that  his  professors 
would  remain  single  and  live  upstairs  in  the  pavilions, 
leaving  the  ground  floor  for  recitation-rooms ;  but 
professors'  wives  soon  changed  all  that,  and  the  classes 
were  driven  out  doors. — DR.  ADAMS. 

In  the  basement  of  the  pavilion  in  which  the  Colonnade 
Club  is  now  housed  was  the  reading-room  of  the  library. 
It  was  so  dark  that  candles  were  often  necessary  in  the  day- 
time. The  library  itself  was  in  an  upper  room.  Mr.  Jef- 
ferson's last  visit  to  the  University  was  made  to  inspect 
and  aid  in  classifying  some  books.  This  was  in  June,  1826, 
a  month  before  his  death.  The  Jefferson  Literary  Society 
at  one  time  held  its  meetings  in  the  basement  room  above 
referred  to. 

THE  RANGES 

The  birds-eye  view,  which  we  have  been  using  as  a  chart, 
shows  a  line  of  low  buildings  on  the  left  of  those  already 
described  and  another  on  the  right.  These  are  known  as 
East  and  West  Ranges. 


26 


JEFFERSON'S  UNIVERSITY 


East  Range  is  a  row  of  dormitories  with  the  Washing- 
ton Literary  Society  Hall  at  the  north  end,  the  old  gymna- 
sium, now  used  for  students'  rooms,  at  the  south  end,  and 
the  building,  sometime  known  as  the  Alumni  Hall,  in  the 


WEST  RANGE 
(1)    POE'S    ROOM    (2)    JEFF.    HALL 


center.  It  of  course  lies  east  of  East  Lawn  and  faces  East, 
while  East  Lawn  faces  west.  The  Wash.  Hall  and  the 
other  pavilions  were  originally  hotels  or  "refectories."  For 
a  long  time  the  central  refectory  was  used  as  the  residence 
of  the  Proctor,  and  the  dormitory  on  the  north  side  was 
his  office,  and  for  a  time,  also,  the  postoffice.  Before  it  be- 
came a  residence,  and  probably  while  in  use  as  a  hotel,  a 


BUILDING  THE  UNIVERSITY  27 

Mons.  Perron  had  there  a  salle  d'armes,  and  taught  fenc- 
ing and  boxing  (in  the  thirties). 


GARDEN    BETWEEN    EAST    LAWN    AND    EAST    RANGE 

West  Range,  a  series  of  many  dormitories  and,  origi- 
nally, three  hotels,  lies  west  of  West  Lawn.  The  central 
one  of  the  hotels  is  now,  and  has  been  for  many  years,  the 
hall  of  the  Jefferson  Literary  Society. 

It  seems  that  the  Washington  Society  at  one  time  held 


28  JEFFERSON'S  UNIVERSITY 

its  meetings  in  this  pavilion  which,  years  afterwards,  be- 
came the  permanent  home  of  the  Jefferson,  while  the  Wash- 
ington has  founded  a  temple  at  the  north  end  of  East 
Range.  In  this  West  Range  pavilion  Mons.  Ferron's  suc- 
cessor, Signor  Penci,  a  Corsican,  taught  fencing.  In  West 
Range  is  the  dormitory  (No.  13)  known  as  the  Poe  room. 
His  first  room  was  on  West  Lawn,  but  a  quarrel  with  his 
room-mate,  Miles  George,  of  Richmond,  Va.,  led  to  his 
moving  to  West  Range. 

Between  the  Ranges  and  the  Lawns  lie  the  gardens  and 
private  grounds  attached  to  the  pavilions  on  the  Lawns. 
These  are  separated  at  intervals  by  narrow  streets,  enclosed 
between  serpentine  brick  walls,  which  are  a  prominent 
and  picturesque  feature  of  the  place. 

The  two  interior  ranges  [The  Lawns]  front  upon  a 
grassy  lawn,  shaded  by  trees,  and  about  two  hundred 
feet  wide.  They  also  consist  of  one-story  dormitories 
for  students,  broken  by  the  above  mentioned  alleys, 
communicating  with  the  East  and  West  Ranges  re- 
spectively, and  agreeably  relieved  by  five  houses  in 
each  range,  the  dwellings  of  as  many  professors,  the 
fronts  of  which  display  considerable  regard  to  archi- 
tectural effect.  In  the  front  of  the  dormitories  and  of 
the  professors'  houses  is  a  continuous  colonnade  of 
about  twelve  feet  in  width,  taking  the  place  of  the  ar- 
cade of  the  East  and  West  Ranges,  the  arches  being 
replaced  by  handsome  columns  which  support  a  roof, 
nearly  flat,  over  the  paved  walk  below,  the  whole  sur- 
mounted by  an  iron  balustrade,  and  affording  a  com- 
munication in  the  upper  story  between  the  professors' 
houses  on  each  side. — DR.  W.  H.  RUFFNER. 

THF,  ROTUNDA 

In  time — an  early  day  in  the  making  of  the  University— 
the  masterpiece,  the  Rotunda,  whether  so  intended  or  not,. 


BUILDING  THE  UNIVERSITY  29 

became  the  chief  and  central  building  in  the  group.  It  was 
not,  however,  the  first  one  erected.  The  ten  pavilions  and 
the  dormitories  on  the  Lawn,  and  the  six  hotels  and  the 
dormitories  comprising  East  and  West  Ranges,  were  ready 
for  occupancy  October,  1822.  The  erection  of  the  Rotunda 
was  begun  in  the  spring  of  the  following  year,  and  by  Oc- 


SOUTH    FRONT   OF   ROTUNDA 

tober  its  walls  were  ready  to  receive  the  roof.  During  the 
ensuing  year  it  was  put  under  cover,  but  the  portico  was 
not  finished  until  after  the  death  of  the  Founder. 

At  his  last  visit  to  the  University,  only  a  few  weeks 
before  his  death,  as  I  was  informed  by  the  late  William 
Wertenbaker,  he  stood  at  the  window  in  front  of  the 
.Xibrary  Room,  looking  out  upon  the  Lawn,  until  Mr. 
Wertenbaker  brought  him  a  chair  from  his  own  office, 
when  he  sat  for  twenty  minutes  or  so,  watching  the 
lifting  of  the  first  marble  capital  to  the  top  of  its  pil- 
lar, the  one  at  the  southwest  corner.  This  concluded, 
he  left  the  grounds  and  never  returned. — PROFESSOR 
FRANCIS  H.  SMITH. 


30  JEFFERSON'S  UNIVERSITY 

In  1851-53  an  annex  to  the  Rotunda — a  long,  barrack- 
like  structure  ending  in  a  columned  portico  of  some  dignity 
— was  erected  to  provide  an  auditorium  and  more  lecture 
rooms.  This  building  was  known  as  the  Public  Hall. 

The  Rotunda  was  built  to  furnish,  first  of  all,  a  place 
for  religious  worship.  "The  Apostle  of  Religious  Free- 
dom saw  no  inconsistency  in  applying  public  funds  to  the 
building  of  a  chapel  for  unsectarian  use."  Another  pur- 
pose, of  course,  was  to  afford  room  for  the  college  library. 
Before  the  fire*  four  rooms  on  what  were  then  the  first 
and  second  floors,  were  used  as  lecture  rooms.  The  res- 
toration has  done  away  with  two  of  these  and  the  remain- 
ing ones  were  until  recently  used  for  the  library  of  the 
Law  School. 

Even  before  it  was  finished  two  or  three  notable  events 
took  place  in  this  building.  There,  on  Friday,  November 
5,  1824,  the  citizens  of  the  county  of  Albemarle  gave  a 
dinner  to  Lafayette,  after  a  parade,  remarkable  for  that 
time,  through  the  streets  of  the  village  of  Charlottesville. 
In  August  of  the  following  year  the  same  distinguished 
man  was  banqueted  by  the  professors  and  students  of  the 
first  session  of  the  institution. 

At  three  o'clock  the  General  [Lafayette]  was  in- 
vited to  a  dinner  prepared  in  the  upper  room  of  the 
rotunda,  the  whole  size  of  the  building.  The  tables 
were  beautifully  arranged  in  three  concentric  circles. 
Over  the  place  assigned  to  the  General  was  an  arch 
of  living  laurel,  beautifully  entwined  around  two 
columns  that  supported  the  gallery.  Mr.  V.  W. 


*The  Rotunda  and  the  Public  Hall,  the  latter  sometimes 
called  The  Annex,  were  burned  Sunday,  October  27,  1895.  In 
the  Rotunda  was  the  general  library,  the  most  of  which  was 
destroyed. 


BUILDING  THE  UNIVERSITY  31 

Southall  presided,  in  the  absence  of  Colonel  Randolph 
— the  General  first  on  his  right,  then  Mr.  Jefferson 
and  Mr.  Madison.  On  his  left,  George  W.  Lafayette 
and  his  suite. — Charlottesville  "Central  Gazette,"  No- 
vember 10,  1824. 

There,  too,  twenty-five  years  later,  occurred  the  famous 
dinner  of  the  Society  of  Alumni  at  the  close  of  the  session 
of  1859-60,  which  was  followed  by  the  famous  oration  in 
the  Public  Hall  by  the  late  Senator  Voorhees  of  Indiana. 
Until  the  Fayerweather  Gymnasium  afforded  a  better 
dancing  room,  the  Library  was  the  scene  of  the  Final  Ball, 
which  from  time  almost  immemorial,  has  been  the  closing 
event  of  the  Commencement  season,  when  the  students 
literally — 

Dance  all  night  till  the  broad  day  light, 
And  go  home  with  the  girls  in  the  morning. 

And  there,  at  the  upper  or  northern  end  of  the  tri- 
angle, stands  the  Roman  Pantheon,  the  temple  of  all 
the  gods.  Young  people  dance  merrily  under  the 
stately  dome  at  the  end  of  the  academic  year.  The 
young  monks  thus  escape  from  their  cells  into  the 
modern  social  world.  How  charmingly  old  Rome, 
mediaeval  Europe,  and  modern  America  blend  to- 

Sither    before    the    very  eyes    of    young    Virginia. — 
R.  ADAMS. 


Ill 

AFTER    THE     FIRE    OF    1895 

THE  restoration  and  expansion  which  followed  the 
fire  of  1895,  when  the  combustible  parts  of  the  Ro- 
tunda and  the  Public  Hall  were  destroyed,  proceeded  on 
the  general  lines  of  Mr.  Jefferson's  architectural  scheme. 
Those  who  resent  an  incongruous  mixture  of  the  orders 
of  architecture  are  glad  that  in  spite  of  the  memories  that 
clung  to  this  scene  of  so  many  interesting  events  the  Public 
Hall  was  not  rebuilt,  especially  as  its  absence  gives  room 
for  a  portico  after  the  model  of  that  which  looks  upon  the 
Lawn,  though  subordinate  to  it.  The  space  formerly  oc- 
cupied by  the  annex  is  now  a  handsome  esplanade  and  the 
site  of  Sir  Moses  Ezekiel's  fine  statue  of  Jefferson.  A 
quadrangular  promenade  around  the  Rotunda  is  carried  by 
the  floors  of  the  porticos,  the  roofs  of  the  four  low  build- 
ings which  connect  the  Rotunda  with  the  extended  colon- 
nades of  East  Lawn  and  West  Lawn. 

Originally  the  interior  of  the  Rotunda  was  divided  into 
three  stories.  The  first  and  second  were  given  up  to  lec- 
ture rooms ;  the  third,  to  the  library.  Entering  from  the 
portico,  the  visitor  ascended  one  flight  of  stairs  to  the  li- 
brary or  dome  room.  As  arranged  since  the  fire,  the  li- 
brary is  entered  directly  from  the  portico.  This  addition 
of  a  story  to  the  height  of  the  interior  produces  an  im- 
pressive effect.  Instead  of  two  surrounded  galleries  as 
formerly  there  are  now  three.  The  light  iron  rail  of  the 
gallery  has  been  replaced  by  an  artificial  parapet,  the 
piers  of  which  can  serve  as  pedestals  for  a  circle  of  life- 
size  statues  overlooking-  the  space  below.  The  dome 


AFTER  THE  FIRE  OF  1895  33 

ceiling  is  painted  a  sky  blue,  and  decorated  with  twelve 
soaring  eagles  in  white,  their  beaks  and  talons  picked  out 
in  gold.  The  space  between  the  circle  of  eagles  and  the 
central  light  is  frescoed  to  represent  floating  clouds  fading 
into  the  clear  vision  of  the  sky.  The  scheme  of  decoration 
was  suggested  by  the  use  of  the  eagle  in  the  hall  ceiling 
at  Monticello,  and  the  model  used  for  the  design  was  a 
cast  taken  from  that  place. 

"It  is  well  known  that  Mr.  Jefferson  took  as  the 
model  of  his  chief  building,  with  some  modifications, 
the  noblest  edifice  of  ancient  Rome,  and  one  which 
fortunately  remains  in  the  most  perfect  preservation. 
It  is  that  known  in  Catholic  circles  as  the  church  Santa 
Maria  Rotunda,  but  better  known  by  its  original  name, 
Pantheon.  Mr.  Jefferson  never  saw  it,  for  he  was 
^--rreTeT~irritary.  He  was  familiar  with  it  in  the  draw- 

C     ings  of  Palladio Despite  all  this  [the  use 

ot**"of  cheaper  material],  Mr.  Jefferson's  building  was,  in 
several  respects,  superior  to  the  original.  The  latter 
was  approached  by  five  steps ;  Mr.  Jefferson's  by  four- 
teen, giving  an  elevation  to  the  handsome  portico  which 
contributes  greatly  to  its  imposing  beauty.  The  Roman 
portico  is  one  hundred  and  eight  feet  by  forty-two, 
with  sixteen  columns  thirty-nine  feet  high,  and  divided 
into  three  colonnades.  Mr.  Jefferson's  portico  is  fifty 
feet  by  twenty-eight  and  a  half,  with  ten  columns 
twenty-eight  and  a  half  feet  high,  and  its  floor  space 
is  undivided,  giving  it  a  much  lighter  and  more  airy,  as 
well  as  relatively  loftier,  aspect.  Lastly,  Mr.  Jeffer- 
son raised  the  floor  of  the  portico  and  thus  increased 
the  height  of  the  cylindrical  drum  until  it  was  equal 
to  its  diameter.  The  massive  .and  ponderous  original 
must  always  from  without  have  seemed  somewhat 
dumpy." — PROF.  F.  H.  SMITH,  in  Alumni  Bulletin. 

Three  ancient  volumes  of  special  interest  are  open  to  the 
inspection  of  the  library  visitor :     the  Bible  which  was  be- 


34  JEFFERSON'S  UNIVERSITY 

queathed  to  Jefferson  by  Chancellor  George  Wythe,  his  be- 
loved preceptor  at  William  and  Mary  College,  used  con- 
tinuously by  Mr.  Jefferson  from  the  time  it  came  into  his 
possession  and  inscribed  with  comments  by  both  of  its  dis- 
tinguished owners ;  and  two  Testaments  from  which  Jef- 
ferson clipped  the  sayings  of  Jesus  in  the  preparation  of 
what  is  now  known  as  "The  Life  and  Morals  of  Jesus  of 
Nazareth." 

Another  result  of  the  restoration  of  the  Rotunda  was 
the  lengthening  of  the  Lawn,  or  inner  campus,  by  adding 
to  its  southern  end  a  space  now  known  as  the  New  Quad- 
rangle. Three  of  its  sides  are  enclosed  by  buildings  (p.  35). 
In  this  space  is  Sir  Moses  Ezekiel's  Homer. 

Viewed  from  the  portico  of  the  Rotunda  the  erections  of 
the  Quadrangle  seem  to  be  but  one  story  high.  Only  that 
elevation  was  allowed  to  appear  above  the  level  of  the 
Lawn  in  order  to  preserve  the  dominance  of  the  central 
structure,  the  Rotunda. 

On  the  west  side  of  the  Quadrangle  the  new  Mechanical 
Laboratory — a  part  of  the  amplification  of  the  University 
plant  following  the  Fire — deepens,  with  its  Ionic  portico, 
the  classic  impression.  Facing  it  from  the  eastern  margin 
of  the  Lawn  the  Rouss  Physical  Laboratory  secures  artistic 
proportion.  The  central  edifice  at  the  southern  end  of  the 
Lawn — balancing  the  Rotunda  at  the  northern — is  the 
academic  building  called  "Cabell  Hall,"  a  larger  and  more 
significant  erection  than  those  adjacent  to  it. 

CABELL   HALL 

The  portico  of  this  building  is  supported  by  columns  car- 
rying Corinthian  capitals.  Its  tympanum  bears  a  group  by 
Zolnay.  Below  the  group,  which  illustrates  it,  are  the 


AFTER  THE  FIRE  OF  1895 


35 


CABELL    HALL    AND    HOMER    STATUE 

words  of  St.  John  in  Greek:  "Ye  shall  know  the  truth, 
and  the  truth  shall  make  you  free,"  the  pregnant  motto  of 
the  University. 

"It  is  the  motto  still  that  to  the  living, 

Who  gather  'neath  her  mantle's  ample  fold, 
She  gives  as  one  most  worthy  of  her  giving — 
Better  than  fame,  and  finer  far  than  gold — 
The  gift  of  God,  that  hath  been  and  shall  be, 
To  know  the  eternal  Truth,  and  knowing,  to  be 
free  "* 


*Armistead   Churchill   Gordon:   "For  Truth   and   Freedom." 


36  JEFFERSON'S   UNIVERSITY 

Connecting  Cabell  Hall  with  the  buildings  on  each  side 
are  peristyles  covered  with  ivy  and  ampelopsis  to  afford 
shade  for  belvideres  from  which  the  view  is  extensive. 

In  the  lobby  of  Cabell  Hall  is  a  commemorative  tablet  in 
bronze,  and  some  few  specimens  of  the  University  collec- 
tion of  portraits  of  scholars,  statesmen  and  soldiers  adorn 
the  walls.  The  tablet  reads : 

"E'en  in  our  ashes  live  their  wonted  fires." 
This  tablet  commemorates  the  burning,  on  October  27thr 
1895,  of  the  Rotunda  and  Public  Hall  of  the  University  of 
Virginia;  and  the  restoration  of  the  Rotunda,  and  the  building 
of  the  Academical  Hall,  the  Rouss  Physical  Laboratory,  and 
the  Mechanical  Laboratory,  during  the  years  1896,  1897,  1898, 
under  the  direction  of  W.  C.  N.  Randolph,  Rector;  Armistead 
C.  Gordon,  Rector;  William  Gordon  McCabe,  Daniel  Harmon, 
Legh  R.  Watts,  Marshall  McCormick,  Thomas  S.  Martin, 
Rawley  W.  Martin,  R.  Tate  Irvine,  Joseph  Bryan,  Camm  Pat- 
teson,  William  B.  Mcllwaine,  of  the  Visitors;  W.  M.  Thorn- 
ton, W.  H.  Echols,  of  the  Faculty;  McKim,  Mead  &  White. 
Architects.  1898. 

Among  the  paintings  is  one  of  Joseph  C.  Cabell.  On 
the  15th  of  November,  1856,  the  faculty  ordered  the  pur- 
chase at  their  expense  of  a  painting  of  Mr.  Cabell,  "to  give 
expression  to  their  high  regard"  and  "their  grateful  re- 
membrance of  his  uniform  courtesy  and  kindness  towards 
them."  "A  thoughtful,  kindly  yet  determined  face  has  this 
Virginia  scholar." 

The  full  length  portrait  of  General  Robert  E.  Lee  would 
be  conspicuous  in  any  collection.  The  chieftain  is  in  full 
uniform  and  looks  every  inch  the  knightly  man  he  was. 
The  artist,  Elder,  succeeded  well  with  the  head  and  face 
of  the  idol  of  the  nation  that  "fell,  pure  of  crime. n 

].  E.  B.  Stuart  is  drawn  life-size  with  his  cavalry  cloak 
thrown  back  from  his  left  arm.  His  slouch  hat,  pressed 


AFTER  THE  FIRE  OF  1895  37 

down  on  his  abundant  hair,  is  ornamented  with  the  cavalier 
plume.  There  is  a  twinkle  in  the  blue  eye  of  the  dashing 
Confederate,  and  one  has  little  difficulty  in  imagining  him 
singing  his  favorite 

"If  you  want  to  have  a  good  time 
Jine   the    cavalry." 

Another  soldierly  man  in  the  collection  is  Colonel  Charles 
S.  Venable,  painted  by  Guillaume,  many  of  whose  works  are 
to  be  found  in  this  city  and  county.  That  with  Colonel 
Venable  the  arts  of  peace  followed  the  employment  of 
arms  appears  from  the  collection  of  works  on  mathematics 
on  which  his  left  hand  rests. 

From  the  foyer  of  Cabell  Hall  stairways  descend  to  the 
parquet  and  others  ascend  to  the  galleries  of  the  audito- 
rium. From  each  end  the  auditorium  is  entered  on  the 
floor  of  the  balcony.  The  hall  is  amphitheatrical  in  form, 
with  parquet,  balcony  and  gallery,  and  has  a  seating  ca- 
pacity of  fifteen  hundred.  The  rostrum  has  as  a  back- 
ground a  copy  of  Raphael's  School  of  Athens,  from  the 
original  fresco  in  the  Sala  de  Segnatura  in  the  Vatican.* 
The  remaining  space  on  each  side  is  filled  with  a  large 
Skinner  pipe  organ  of  the  electro-pneumatic  action  type, 


*Paul  Baize,  a  French  artist,  who  had  copied  for  the  French 
government  more  than  fifty  of  Raphael's  paintings,  made  the 
first  copy  of  this  painting  for  the  University,  which  was  re- 
ceived here  in  1856.  After  having  been  exhibited  in  London  at 
the  Royal  Polytechnic  Institute,  and  in  this  country,  at  the  Old 
Market  Hall,  Richmond,  Va.,  and  the  Library  Hall,  Petersburg, 
Va.,  it  was  hung  in  the  Public  Hall  at  the  University,  and 
opened  to  the  public  on  the  afternoon  of  April  13,  1857,  when 
an  address  was  delivered  by  Major  J.  C.  Preston,  of  the  Vir- 
ginia Military  Institute,  Lexington,  Va.  This  painting  was  lost 
in  the  fire  of  1895. 


38 


JEFFERSON'S  UNIVERSITY 


which  is  played  from  a  movable  console,  or  cabinet,  of  four 
keyboards.  This  organ  was  a  gift  from  Mr.  Andrew  Car- 
negie in  1907. 

Cabell  Hall  contains,    in  addition  to  the    auditorium,  a 
general  assembly   room,  with  about  three  hundred  seats; 


ZOLNAY    BUST    OF    POE 

five  large  and  six  small  lecture-rooms,  and  a  biological  lab- 
oratory equipped  with  library,  instruments,  apparatus  and 
specimens  for  biological  work. 

PAINTINGS  AND  STATUES 

The  following  portraits  are  to  be  found  in  other  halls  of 
the  University.    The  list  includes  in  each  case  information 


AFTER  THE  FIRE  OF  1895  39 

as  to  donor,  date  of  gift,  and,  where  known,  the  name  of 
the  artist. 

1875.  From  Col.  Chas.  S.  Venable,  oil  portrait  of  Prof.  Wm. 
B.  Rogers,  by  Lelia  M.  Smith. 

1882-3.  From  the  Law  Class,  oil  portrait  of  Prof.  S.  O.  South- 
all,  by  Mrs.  Lelia  M.  Cocke. 

1887.  Alexander  H.  H.  Stuart,  Rector,  University  of  Virginia, 
1886-87. 

1887.  From  his  pupils,  crayon  portrait  of  Dr.  John  W.  Mal- 
let, by  Miss  Lelia  Smith. 

From  Dr.  Wm.  D.  Cabell,  Washington,  D.  C.,  replica  of 
painting  in  the  White  House,  a  full-length  oil  portrait 
of  Thos.  Jefferson;  replica  by  Andrews  of  the  Corcoran 
Art  Gallery,  Washington,  D.  C. 

1897.  From   his    father,    Geo.    H.   Byrd,   of   New   York,    oil   por- 

trait  of  Alfred   Henry   Byrd,    by    Carroll    Beckwith. 

1898.  From   Mrs.   Schele,   oil   portrait   of   Prof.   Schele   de   Vere, 

by  Guillaume. 

1899.  Painted    and    given    by    Mrs.    Marietta    Minnegerode    An- 

drews,  oil  portrait  of  Jno.   R.  Thompson,    an   alumnus. 

1900.  Prof.    Robley    Dunglison,    made    in    England,    from    Prof. 

Dunglison's  son. 

1902.  From   John    L.    Williams,    Richmond,    Va.,    oil   portrait    of 

Chief  Justice  John   Marshall,   by   J.   B.   Martin. 

1903.  From  Henry  T.  Kent  and  Dr.  Chas.  W.  Kent,  his  broth- 

ers, a  portrait  of  Linden  Kent,  in  whose  memory  his 
widow  founded  the  Linden  Kent  Chair  of  English  His- 
tory and  Literature. 

1903.  From  the  Alumni  of  McCabe's  University  School,  Rich- 
mond, Va.,  oil  portrait  of  W.  Gordon  McCabe,  principal 
and  founder  of  the  above  named  school. 

1903.  From  John  L.  Williams,  of  Richmond,  Va.,  oil  portrait 
of  Commodore  Matthew  Fontaine  Maury,  by  Miss 
Adele  Williams. 

1905.  From  the  Alumni  of  McGuire's  School,  of  Richmond,  Va., 
portrait  of  John  Peyton  McGuire. 

1907.  From  the  alumni  of  the  Episcopal  High  School,  of  Alex- 
andria, Va.,  portrait  of  Launcelot  Minor  Blackford. 


40  JEFFERSON'S  UNIVERSITY 

3908.  Photograph   from  crayon  of  Edgar  Allan  Poe,  bought  of 

a  Boston  dealer,  who  procured  it  in  Vienna. 
1908.  From    his    former    pupils,    oil    portrait    of    Prof.    John    W. 

Mallet,  by  Duncan  Smith. 
1908.  From  Mrs.  S.  W.  Sterling,  of  Charlottesville,  Va.,  portrait 

of  Prof.  Wm.  H.  McGuffey,  painted  in  1867  by  Foster, 

and  framed  by  Prof.  Dunnington. 
1908.  From  Mrs.  Narcissa  Owen,  painted  by  herself,  oil  portraits  of 

(1)     Thos.    Jefferson,    his    daughter    and    Thos.    Mann 

Randolph;   (2)   "Descendants  of  Thos.  Jefferson." 
1908.  From   Robert   Hall   McCormick,   a  portrait   of  Leander  J. 

McCormick. 

1908.  From  Miss   Elizabeth  Porter  Gould,  of  Boston,  photo-en- 

graving of  Rev.  Phillips  Brooks. 

1909.  From   Samuel   Broadus,   Decatur,  Ala.,   oil   portrait  of  Dr. 

John  A.   Broadus,  by  a  Scotch  artist. 
1909.  From    G.    Otis    Meade,    executor   of    the    will    of    Edw.    C. 

Meade,  of  Virginia,  engraved  portrait  of  Wm.  C.  Rives, 

formerly  U.  S.  Senator  from  Virginia. 
1909.  From  Prof.  Wm.  H.  Perkinson,  oil  portrait  of  Henry  W. 

Grady. 
1909.  From  Mrs.   Randolph  H.   McKim,  Washington,   D.   C.,   oil 

portrait  of  Rev.  Dr.   Randolph  H.   McKim. 

1909.  From    Mrs.    Charles    S.    Venable,    of    Charlottesville,    Va., 

portrait  of  J.  Thompson  Brown. 

1910.  From  Lewis   Minor   Coleman,  Jr.,  of  Chattanooga,  Tenn., 

an  oil  portrait  of  his  father,  Lewis  Minor  Coleman,  M. 
A.,  formerly  professor  of  Latin,  who  was  killed  in  the 
war  of  1861-5. 

1910.  Edw.    W.   James,    by   order   of   Visitors,    painted   by    Miss 

Adele  Williams. 

1911.  Samuel  W.  Austin,  by  order  of  Visitors,  painted  by  Miss 

Fletcher. 

1911.  From  his  former  pupils,  oil  portrait  of  Prof.  A.  H.  Tuttle, 

by  Duncan   Smith. 

1912.  From   the   sons   of   Mr.   Jos.    Bryan,    of   Richmond,    a   dis- 

tinguished alumnus  of  the  University,  an  oil  portrait 
of  their  father,  by  Duncan  Smith. 

1912.  From  the  Rector  and  Visitors  of  the  University  of  Vir- 
ginia, an  oil  portrait  of  the  late  Senator  Jno.  W. 
Daniel. 


AFTER  THE  FIRE  OF  1895  41 

Dates  Unknown: 

Albert   Tayloe    Bledsoe,    photo-engraving. 

Prof.  Charles  Bonnycastle,  Chairman  of  Faculty,  1833-35, 

by  Ford. 

Dr.  James  Lawrence  Cabell,  by  Guerrant. 
W.  W.  Corcoran,  by  Elder. 

Prof.  Edward  H.   Courtenay,  by  J.   B.  Martin. 
Prof.  Noah  K.  Davis,  by  Mrs.  Lelia  Cocke;  presented 

by  Rev.   Geo.   B.  Taylor,  of  Rome. 
Col.    R.    T.    W.    Duke,    photo-engraving;    presented    by 

Judge  R.  T.  W.  Duke,  Charlottesville,  Va. 
Prof.   Francis  H.   Smith,  painted  by  Mrs.   Lelia   Cocke; 

presented  by  his  students. 
Jennings  Wyse   Garnett,  an  alumnus. 
Muscoe  R.  H.  Garnett,  an  alumnus. 

Prof.   Basil  L.   Gildersleeve,  by  Miss   Lelia  Smith;   pre- 
sented by  Prof.  Thos.   R.   Price. 
Francis  W.  Gilmer,  presented  by  his   niece,  Mrs.  Lucy 

A.   Minor. 

Prof.  Jas.  H.  Gilmore,  painted  by  William   G.  Browne. 
Dr.   Gessner  Harrison,  by  Miss  Lelia  Smith;  presented 

by  alumni  of  his  class. 
William  Wirt  Henry,  photo-engraving. 
Prof.    George    F.    Holmes,   presented   by    his    daughter, 

Miss  Letitia  Holmes. 
Thomas   Jefferson,   replica   of   painting   by   Thos.    Sully, 

from  life  when  Jefferson  was  78   (Jefferson  Society). 
Thomas   Jefferson,   bust   portrait. 
Thomas  Jefferson,   engraving  by  Kosciusko;   presented 

by  Robert  S.  McCormick,  American  Embassy,   Paris, 

France. 
Chapman     Johnson,     Rector      University     of     Virginia, 

1836-45;   presented   by  the   Johnson   family. 
Prof.  John  Tayloe  Lomax. 

Leander  J.  McCormick;  presented  by  Mrs.  McCormick. 
Alamby   M.   Miller,   an  alumnus. 
John  B.  Minor,  by  Mrs.  Lelia  Cocke;  presented  by  his 

students. 

Col.  John  S.  Mosby;  presented  by  himself. 
Thomas  H.  Norwood,  an  alumnus. 


42  JEFFERSON'S  UNIVERSITY 

Robert  M.  Patterson,  Chairman  of  Faculty;  presented 
by  T.  L.  and  L.  G.  Patterson,  of  Cumberland,  Md. 

Prof.  William  E.  Peters,  by  Miss  Lelia  Smith;  pre- 
sented by  his  class. 

Edgar  Allan  Poe,  crayon  portrait;  presented  and  exe- 
cuted by  Albert  Bigelow  Paine,  of  Kansas. 

Thomas  Jefferson  Randolph,  Rector  of  the  University 
of  Virginia,  1857-64. 

Dr.    Walter    Reed,    an    alumnus. 

Governor  William  Smith;  presented  by  his  son,  Col. 
Thos.  Smith. 

General  J.  E.  B.  Stuart,  by  Elder;  presented  by  his 
father,  W.  A.  Stuart. 

Prof.  W.  M.  Thornton,  by  Miss  Lelia  Smith;  pre- 
sented by  his  pupils. 

Dr.  William  B.  Towles,  by  William  G.  Browne;  pre- 
sented by  his  pupils. 

Prof.  Charles  S.  Venable,  by  Guillaume. 

William  Wertenbaker,  Librarian,  painted  by  J.  A.  Elder. 

Two  examples  of  the  work  of  Sir  Moses  Ezekiel  are 
here.  The  first  to  arrive,  his  bronze  "Homer  and  His 
Young  Guide,"  stands  at  the  southern  end  of  the  Lawn, 
in  front  of  Cabell  Hall.  It  is  on  a  pedestal  of  rare  black 
marble.  This  bronze  was  the  gift  of  John  W.  Simpson,  of 
New  York,  and  was  unveiled  in  June,  1907. 

The  other,  the  Jefferson  monument,  occupies  a  command- 
ing position  in  the  center  of  the  plaza  en  the  north  side  of 
the  Rotunda.  The  figure  of  the  great  statesman  stands 
upon  a  bronze  reproduction  of  the  old  Liberty  Bell,  and 
figure  and  bell  are  imposed  upon  a  pedestal  of  red  Roman 
marble.  The  bell  is  surrounded  by  four  figures  represent- 
ing Liberty,  Justice,  Religious  Freedom,  and  Human  Free- 
dom. It  was  unveiled  in  June,  1910,  in  the  presence  of 
the  artist  and  many  other  distinguished  visitors.  (See 
page  82.) 


AFTER  THE  FIRE  OF  1895  43 

A  bronze  copy  of  the  Houdon  statue  of  Washington  has 
been  beautifully  set  near  the  end  of  East  Lawn.  It  was 
the  gift  of  Mr.  John  Thomas  Lupton,  of  Chattanooga, 
Tenn.,  a  loyal  alumnus  of  '86,  and  was  unveiled  during  the 
session  of  1914. 

Immediately  opposite  stands  the  statue,  likewise  in 
bronze,  of  Thomas  Jefferson,  the  gift  of  Mr.  Charles  R. 
Crane  of  New  York,  and  the  work  of  the  late  Karl  Bitter. 
(See  frontispiece.) 

"It  presents  the  face  and  form  of  Mr.  Jefferson  as 
in  his  old  age — disillusioned  of  glory  and  high  station 
— he  centered  all  the  faculties  of  his  myriad  mind  and 
heart  on  the  task  of  building  here  an  institution  fit  to 
train  the  youth  of  a  democratic  society." — DR.  E.  A. 
ALDERMAN,  Founder's  Day  Address,  1915. 

DAWSON'S  Row 

In  1859  six  buildings,  known  as  House  A,  House  B,  etc., 
arranged  in  the  arc  of  a  circle,  were  erected  about  two 
hundred  yards  southwest  of  West  Range  to  accommodate 
the  increasing  number  of  students.  The  land  upon  which 
these  buildings  were  erected  had  been  purchased  out  of  a 
fund  accruing  from  the  sale  of  a  tract  of  land  devised  to 
the  University  by  Martin  Dawson,  hence  the  name  of 
Dawson's  Row. 

These  square  structures  with  peaked  roofs  were,  as 
erected,  not  unlike  the  cottages  or  chalets  of  the  Swiss 
mountains,  but  recent  architectural  treatment  has,  in  a 
measure,  put  them  in  the  class  with  the  pavilions  on  the 
Lawn. 

MONROE  HILL 

The  series  of  dormitories  known  as  Monroe  Hill  lies  at 
the  northwest  end  of  Dawson's  Row.  The  hill  takes  its 


44 


JEFFERSON'S  UNIVERSITY 


name  from  the  small  building  once  occupied  by  President 
Monroe,  which,  much  expanded  and  improved,  is  now  the 
handsome  home  of  Professor  W.  M.  Thornton.  The  ex- 
President  had  his  law  office  in  a  small  building  about  a 
hundred  feet  southwest  of  the  residence.  This  building  is 
still  standing. 


MADISON 
HOME    OF    THE    Y.    M.    C.    A. 


MADISON  HAUL, 

Just  north  of  the  Rotunda  is  Madison  Hall,  the  home 
of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association.  It  contains,  be- 
sides, the  offices  of  the  association,  meeting  rooms,  Bible- 
study  and  mission  class  rooms,  offices  for  the  various  col- 
lege publications — the  University  Magazine,  Corks  and 
Curls,  College  Topics,  Madison  Hall  Notes,  etc. — a  hand- 


AFTER  THE  FIRE  OF  1895  45 

some  reception  hall,  well-equipped  reading  room,  club  and 
smoking  rooms,  and  auditorium  with  seating  capacity  of 
five  hundred,  handsomely  furnished  rooms  for  the  officers 
of  the  association,  and  elaborate  bath  facilities,  lockers,  etc. 
The  library  contains  a  thousand  volumes  of  the  best  bi- 
ography, fiction,  social  and  religious  works,  whilst  the 
leading  daily  papers  and  current  magazines  supply  the 
reading  room.  Handsome  pictures,  copies  of  famous  paint- 
ings, adorn  the  walls.  The  building  is  open  at  all  times 
to  students  and  visitors. 

Madison  Hall,  with  its  furnishings  and  library,  was  the 
gift  of  Mrs.  Wm.  E.  Dodge,  of  New  York  City,  supple- 
mented by  her  son  and  daughter,  and  was  officially  inaugu- 
rated in  September,  1905. 

THE  Y.  M.  C.  A. 

The  University  of  Virginia  Y.  M.  C.  A.  is  the  first  col- 
lege organization  of  its  kind  in  the  world.  It  dates  from 
the  spring  of  1857.  John  W.  Johnson,  Magazine  medalist, 
final  orator  of  the  Jefferson  Literary  Society,  Engineer  of 
Fort  Sumter,  historian  of  the  defence  of  Charleston,  and 
Episcopal  minister,  was  the  first  president,  while  the  first 
recording  secretary  was  L.  M.  Blackford  (M.  A.  1859). 
The  first  corresponding  secretary  was  Dr.  Thomas  Hume, 
now  professor  of  English  in  the  University  of  North  Caro- 
lina. Other  early  members  were  H.  H.  Harris,  John  Mur- 
ray, W.  W.  Old,  James  M.  Garnett,  Julian  Fairfax,  Jerry 
Malcom  Harris,  W.  P.  DuBose,  James  M.  Boyd,  John  M. 
Strother,  Thomas  R.  Price,  William  P.  Louthan,  James 
Dinwiddie,  Robert  Carter  Berkley,  William  Allan,  Howe 
P.  Cochran,  Richard  W.  Jones,  Thomas  U.  Dudley,  C. 
Powell  Grady,  A.  S.  Pendleton,  and  J.  William  Jones. 


46  JEFFERSON'S  UNIVERSITY 

In  1856  there  were  several  conferences  concerning 
the  matter,  and,  in  the  spring  of  1857,  a  meeting  was 
held  which  determined  to  organize,  and  .appointed  a 
committee  to  draft  a  constitution  and  by-laws.  This 
committee  reported  at  the  beginning  of  the  next  ses- 
sion (October,  1857),  and  the  organization  was  com- 
pleted, but  it  is  really  entitled  to  date  from  the  spring 
of  1857. — J.  WILLIAM  JONES. 


FOUNDERS  OF  THE  Y.   M.  C.  A.   PRESENT  AT  THE  SEMI-CENTENNIAL1 

Standing:    ALEXANDER  HOGG,  CAPT.  c.  M.  LOUTHAN,  D.  H.  RUSSET, 

CAPT.    W.    H.    KABLE,    REV.    J.    K.    FAULKNER. 

Sitting:   j.  c.  DEMING,  RT.  REV.  G.   w.   PETERKIN,   D.    D.,  DR.   JAMES 

GARNETT,    DR.    L.    M.    BLACKFORD. 

Religious  enterprises  at  the  University  .antedated  this  or- 
ganization many  years.  As  early  as  1828  the  individual 
members  of  the  Faculty  arranged  for  services  by  the  pastors 
then  in  Charlottesville.  These  were  of  the  Episcopalian 
and  the  Presbyterian  faiths.  From  1833  to  1896,  a  period 


AFTER  THE  FIRE  OF  1895  47 

of  sixty-three  years,  chaplains  appointed  by  the  Faculty 
were  in  charge  of  the  religious  work.  The  term  of  incum- 
bency was  one  session  each  until  1848,  when  it  was  made 
two  years. 

The  system  was  changed  upon  the  death  of  Rev.  L.  C. 
Vass,  in  September,  1896,  at  the  beginning  of  his  chap- 
laincy. A  secretary  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Associa- 
tion, latterly  known  as  the  University  pastor,  has  had 
charge  of  religious  work  among  the  students,  and  eminent 
preachers  from  this  and  other  cities  are  invited  to  deliver 
the  sermons,  a  course  which  has  proven  very  satisfactory 
and  beneficial. 

The  day  of  his  arrival  at  the  University  the  new  student 
is  convinced  that  those  who  have  declared  the  institution 
atheistical  in  foundation  and  purpose — a  charge  which  is 
made  maliciously  to  this  day  in  some  quarters — have  not 
told  the  truth.  He  is  soon  made  to  understand  that  there 
is  such  a  thing  as  religious  enterprise  at  this  institution,  and 
that  the  matriculates  bear  a  large  part  in  its  direction.  He 
finds  that  he  is  expected  to  do  his  share,  if  he  is  so  minded, 
but  it  is  a  matter  of  free  choice  with  him,  while  he  can 
scarcely  escape  the  pervasive  influence  of  the  Young  Men's 
Christian  Association ;  and,  if  he  has  any  bent  toward  Bible 
study  and  religious  endeavor,  he  will  find  here  abundant 
opportunity,  more,  perhaps,  than  at  any  other  undenomina- 
tional American  college. 

THE:  CHAPEL 

On  the  13th  of  November,  1883,  during  the  chaplaincy 
of  the  Rev.  Otis  A.  Glazebrook,  a  Ladies'  Chapel  Society 
was  formed,  and  in  seven  years  the  Chapel  which  stands 
west  of  the  Rotunda  was  finished.  This  society  found  a 


48  JEFFERSON'S  UNIVERSITY 

small  chapel  fund  of  five  or  six  hundred  dollars,  which  was 
the  nucleus  upon  which  was  built  one  of  $30,000,  collected 
chiefly  from  alumni.  The  corner-stone  was  laid  in  1885, 
the  late  Professor  Schele  De  Vere  delivering  the  address. 
The  dedication  sermon  was  preached  by  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Clazebrook  in  1889.  In  addition  to  the  $30,000  expended 
on  the  building,  the  organ-room,  the  gift  of  Mr.  Glaze- 
brook,  cost  $1,000,  and  the  organ,  the  gift  chiefly  of  Ken- 
tucky alumni,  $1,900  more.  While  the  architecture  is  out 
of  harmony  with  the  prevailing  orders,  considered  with- 
out relation,  the  Chapel  is  a  handsome  and  impressive 
church  edifice,  in  the  Gothic  style  with  Norman  arches. 
It  contains  memorial  windows  in  honor  of  Dr.  John  A.  G. 
Davis,  Dr.  John  Staige  Davis,  Dr.  James  L.  Cabell  and 
Truxton  Glazebrook,  and  memorial  tablets  to  Dr.  Addis 
Emmet  and  Dr.  Gessner  Harrison. 

THE:  BROOKS  MUSEUM 

Early  in  1876  Professor  Henry  A.  Ward,  of  Rochester, 
N.  Y.,  announced  to  Professor  Smith  that  a  gentleman  of 
Rochester,  an  admirer  of  Mr.  Jefferson  and  an  earnest 
well-wisher  of  the  South,  desired  to  establish  at  the  Univer- 
sity of  Virginia  a  complete  and  costly  museum  of  natural 
history,  on  the  condition  that  other  friends  of  the  institu- 
tion would  pledge  the  sum  of  $12,000  to  provide  for  the 
necessary  cases,  mounting,  etc.  The  Board  of  Trustees  of 
the  Miller  Agricultural  Department  furnished  ten  thousand 
of  the  required  amount  and  Professor  W.  B.  Rogers  and 
other  alumni  the  remaining  two  thousand.  It  afterwards 
transpired  that  Mr.  Lewis  Brooks  was  the  donor.  The 
"building  was  completed  in  July,  1877,  and  immediately  aft- 
erwards a  costly  collection  of  specimens  was  assembled,  to 


AFTER  THE  FIRE  OF  1895  49 

which    valuable    additions    have    since    been    made.      Mr. 
Brooks'  gifts  aggregated  about  seventy  thousand  dollars. 

The  building,  constructed  chiefly  of  brick,  is  after  the 
Renaissance  order,  and  elaborately  ornamented  with  the 
heads  of  various  animals,  in  granite.  In  the  granite  trim- 
mings, which  are  rather  too  profuse,  are  carved  the  names 
of  eminent  scientists — Cuvier,  De  Candolle,  Audubon,  Hux- 
ley and  Pliny.  The  building  contains  a  lecture  room  and 
laboratories. 

THE  McCoRMiCK  OBSERVATORY 

Mr.  Jefferson  selected  the  site  of  the  present  observatory 
and  erected  upon  it  a  small  building  for  astronomical  pur- 
poses, perhaps  the  first  observatory  in  America.  This 
structure  which  was  never  devoted  to  the  use  intended, 
was  pulled  down  in  1859.  In  1881  the  late  Leander  J.  Mc- 
Cormick,  of  Chicago,  gave  $50,000  to  establish  an  ob- 
servatory, to  which  gift  he  afterward  added  largely ;  and 
W.  H.  Vanderbilt,  of  New  York,  contributed  $25,000  to 
the  same  fund.  The  elevation  is  known  as  Mount  Jefferson, 
and  is  about  a  mile  southwest  of  the  University.  The  site 
is  a  beautiful  one  and  furnishes  an  unobstructed  horizon. 
The  principal  building  is  a  rotunda  forty-five  feet  in  diame- 
ter, and  contains  the  great  Clark  refractor  of  twenty-six 
inches  aperture.  The  computing  rooms  are  adjoining  and 
contain  clock,  chronograph,  etc.,  and  a  working  library. 
In  a  smaller  building  are  a  three  inch  Fauth  transit,  and  a 
four  inch  Kahler  equatorial. 

THE  HOSPITAL 

The  erection  of  the  University  Hospital  was  begun  April 
11,  1900.  The  central  structure  is  the  administration  build- 


AFTER  THE  FIRE  OF  1895  51 

ing,  three  stories  in  height,  containing  reception  and  con- 
sultation rooms,  offices  and  accommodation  for  the  super- 
intendent, internes,  nurses  and  others  of  the  hospital  staff. 
Attached  to  it  is  one  of  the  best  clinical  amphitheatres  in 
this  country,  conveniently  arranged,  well  lighted  and  fully 
equipped  with  modern  appliances.  The  architect  was  Paul 


THE    UNIVERSITY    HOSPITAL 

J.  Pelz,  of  Washington,  D.  C.  To  this  have  been  added 
two  wings  with  accommodations  for  150  patients.  A  third 
addition  will  be  completed  in  1916. 

THE  COLONNADE  CLUB 

The  Colonnade  Club  was  established  during  the  session 
of  1906-7  and  is  housed  in  the  historic  pavilion  which  was 
planned  and  erected  to  be  the  Central  College  and  out  of 


52  JEFFERSON'S  UNIVERSITY 

which  the  University  of  Virginia  was  developed  by  Mr. 
Jefferson.  The  membership  is  made  up  of  professors,  offi- 
cers, alumni,  friends  of  the  University — resident  and 
non-resident. 

The  interior  of  the  club  house  has  been  rearranged  and 
redecorated,  and  the  alumni  annex  opened  in  1913  contains 
a  handsome  lounge,  reading  room,  billiard  and  pool  room, 
with  bed  rooms  for  the  accommodation  of  visiting  alumni. 

THE:  COMMONS 

The  Commons  is  at  the  south  end  of  West  Range  and 
faces  the  space  between  the  rear  of  the  Mechanical  Lab- 
oratory and  Dawson's  Row.  The  exterior  harmonizes 
with  the  architectural  surroundings.  The  entrance  is  a 
hall  decorated  with  University  banners  and  athletic  tro- 
phies, beyond  which  is  the  main  dining-room  \vhose  ceiling 
bears  the  University  seal  in  stucco  and  whose  walls  are 
covered  with  portraits  of  Jefferson  and  of  distinguished 
professors,  alumni,  and  benefactors.  The  second  floor  is 
taken  up  with  smaller  dining-rooms  overlooking  the  main 
floor. 

MINOR  HALL 

The  new  Law  Building  is  south  of  the  Commons,  and 
was  planned  by  the  architect,  John  Kevan  Peebles,  to  con- 
form in  height  and  character  to  the  latter  erection.  It  is 
Ionic  in  order  and  consists  of  a  central  structure  and  two 
subordinate  wings.  Four  lecture  rooms  and  the  offices  of 
the  dean,  the  secretary,  the  court  and  several  rooms  for 
general  convenience  occupy  the  first  floor.  The  library  is 
in  the  rear  part  of  the  second  floor  and  this  and  eight  study 
halls  occupy  the  entire  space.  It  was  finished  in  the  late 
fall  of  1910. 


MINOR    HALL 
HOME    OF    THE    LAW    SCHOOL 


THE  PRESIDENT'S  HOUSE 


54  JEFFERSON'S  UNIVERSITY 

THE:  PRESIDENT'S  HOUSE 

The  President's  House  is  a  successful  effort  by  McKim, 
Mead  and  White  to  afford  the  University  a  lighter,  more 
airy  structure  in  classic  form  than  any  left  by  Jefferson, 
whose  types  were  always  greatly  Romanized.  In  them 
weight  predominated  with  resultant  impressive  dignity  and 
nobility. 

The  building  crowns  the  slight  eminence  known  for 
more  than  a  half  century  as  Carr's  Hill,  and  has  a  wide 
and  beautiful  prospect  in  all  directions. 

PEABODY  HALL 

Peabody  Hall,  also  known  as  the  Education  Building, 
was  used  for  the  first  time  in  the  summer  of  1914,  as  head- 
quarters of  the  Summer  School.  It  occupies  a  position 
facing  Jefferson  Hall,  West  Range,  almost  on  a  line  with 
the  Chemical  Laboratory.  The  central  mass  is  of  two 
stories,  flanked  by  wings  one  story  in  height.  The  central 
feature  is  a  Doric  portico  of  six  columns  surmounted  by 
the  low  pediment  characteristic  of  the  Jeffersonian  type. 
The  first  floor  carries  the  offices  of  administration  of  the 
Summer  School,  a  large  auditorium  in  the  rear  for  lectures 
or  conferences,  and  four  class  rooms.  The  second  floor 
is  arranged  for  the  present  use  of  the  general  faculty  and 
of  administrative  officers  not  directly  connected  with  the 
Department  of  Education.  The  cost  of  building  was  de- 
frayed largely  by  the  Peabody  fund. 

The  University  Summer  School,  which  took  the  place 
of  the  Virginia  Summer  School  of  Methods,  held  its  first 
session  in  1907.  Its  work  has  broadened  and  its  attend- 
ance grown  until  it  has  become  an  educational  force  of  the 


AFTER  THE  FIRE  OF  1895  55 


PEABODY     HALL 
THE    EDUCATION    BUILDING 


first  importance  in  the  South.  In  the  provision  of  special 
courses  for  high  school  teachers,  college  students,  and 
principals  and  superintendents  of  schools,  it  is  a  new  type 
of  school. 

THE  ENTRANCE  GATEWAY 

In  April,  1915,  the  new  gateway  to  the  University  was 
erected  after  the  design  by  Henry  Bacon,  of  New  York. 
It  is  a  structure  of  pressed  brick,  flanked  by  walls  of  the 
same  material  coped  with  marble,  and  consists  of  a  wing 
on  each  side  of  the  drive.  Each  wing  carries  marble  cap- 
itals with  spindled  heads.  Through  each  passes  a  walkway 
into  the  grounds.  Over  the  arches  above  the  walkways  are 
inlaid  marble  tablets  bearing  inscriptions ;  on  the  right, 
"Enter  by  this  gateway  and  seek  the  way  of  honor,  the  light 


AFTER  THE  FIRE  OF  1895  57 

of  truth,  the  will  to  work  for  men;"  and  on  the  left, 
"Through  wisdom  is  an  house  builded  and  by  understand- 
ing it  is  established,  and  by  knowledge  shall  the  chambers 
be  filled  with  all  precious  and  pleasant  riches."  Dr.  Alder- 
man is  the  author  of  the  first  mentioned  inscription,  while 
the  latter  is  taken  from  Solomon. 

The  gateway  was  built  by  Mrs.  Charles  H.  Senff  as  a 
memorial  to  her  late  husband.  The  following  is  inscribed 
on  a  slate  tablet :  "Erected  in  memory  of  Charles  Henry 
Senff,  an  American  citizen  who  reverenced  truth  and  lived 
in  honor." 

Enough  has  been  shown  and  explained  to  afford  the 
reader  a  conception — of  course  inadequate — of  the  Uni- 
versity, which,  in  material  and  in  spirit,  comes  nearer  to 
being  the  creation  of  one  man  than  any  other  educational 
foundation  in  the  world.  Its  material  form  is  a  monument 
to  the  lover  of  the  pure  and  classical  in  art  as  its  spirit  and 
purpose  are  a  tribute  to  the  patriot  and  philosopher.  He 
treasured  every  beautiful  and  impressive  form  that  could 
be  made  to  contribute  to  the  realization  of  his  dream  of  a 
great  university  enshrined  in  the  noblest  temples  the  genius 
of  man  has  created.  The  university  of  his  building,  the 
democratic  home  of  the  arts,  letters  and  sciences,  is  an 
academic  village  whose  grouped  structures  are  in  undemo- 
cratic conformity  to  the  laws  of  taste  in  the  beautiful  arts, 
and  yet  in  democratic  subordination  to  the  useful  arts, 
since  nothing  exists  for  ornament  alone — a  materialization 
of  the  spirit  of  Jefferson,  at  once  aristocrat  and  man  of  the 
people. 


IV 

SOCIETIES     AND     PUBLICATIONS 

LITERARY    SOCIETIES:      THE    PATRICK    HENRY  AND  THE 
JEFFERSON 

A  FEW  weeks  after  the  opening  of  the  University  a 
literary  association  called  the  Patrick  Henry  Society 
was  formed,  composed  of  nearly  all  the  students.  Six- 
teen of  its  members,  dissatisfied  with  the  disorder  which 
prevailed  at  its  sessions,  seceded  and  founded  the  Jefferson 
Society.  The  seceders  held  their  preliminary  meeting  in 
No.  7  West  Lawn  on  Thursday,  July  14,  1825,  and  selected 
a  committee,  consisting  of  Edgar  Mason,  of  Charles 
County,  Md.,  John  H.  Lee,  of  Fauquier  County,  Va.,  and 
William  G.  Minor  of  Fredericksburg,  Va.,  to  draft  a  con- 
stitution, which  was  reported  and  presumably  adopted  on 
the  following  Monday.  The  society  met  weekly  at  first; 
later,  fortnightly  on  "Monday  evening  at  early  candlelight." 
The  first  president  (then  called  moderator),  was  Edgar  Ma- 
son. The  meetings  were  held  in  Pavilion  I,  and  later,  at 
the  different  pavilions  on  the  Lawn.  Jefferson,  who  was 
elected  on  the  motion  of  Robert  A.  Thompson,  of  Ka- 
nawha  County,  Va.,  now  West  Virginia,  declined  honorary 
membership  on  account  of  his  official  connection  with  the 
University.  Madison,  Monroe  and  Lafayette  accepted. 
John  Randolph  of  Roanoke  was  blackballed  because  he 
was  bitterly  opposed  to  the  election  of  Mr.  Monroe,  Jeffer- 
son's candidate  for  the  presidency.  Poe  was  elected  an 
active  member  June  17,  1826,  and  soon  after  complied  with 
the  custom  by  reading  an  essay,  his  subject  being  "Heat 


SOCIETIES   AND   PUBLICATIONS  59 

and  Cold."  He  participated  in  one  or  two  debates  and 
once  acted  as  secretary  pro  tent.  His  autograph  was  cut 
trom  the  minute  book  by  some  curio  thief.  This  society, 
in  the  earlier  days,  celebrated  Jefferson's  birthday  by  read- 
ing the  Declaration  of  Independence  and  by  addresses. 

In  the  session  of  1834-35  some  fifteen  or  twenty  students 
met  in  the  room  of  one  of  their  number  and  originated  a 
club  "for  mutual  improvement  in  the  art  of  oratory." 
This  club  was  called  the  "Academics'  Society,"  and  after  a 
few  meetings  was  domiciled  in  Pavilion  VII,  the  present 
home  of  the  Colonnade  Club.  A  little  later  a  similar  as- 
sociation— the  name  nowhere  appears — was  formed  in  the 
pavilion  in  the  middle  of  East  Range  and  survived  until 
the  end  of  the  session  of  1835-36  when  it  was  consolidated 
with  the  Academics  under  the  name  of  the  Washington 
Literary  Society. 

In  1849  seceders  from  the  Washington  and  Jefferson 
Literary  Societies  formed  the  Philomathean,  which  had  a 
short  and  probably  uneventful  career.  Three  years  later 
(1852)  about  one-third  of  the  membership  of  the  Wash- 
ington, dissatisfied  with  the  election  of  a  final  orator,  with- 
drew and  established  the  Parthenon  Society.  As  early  as 
1856  and  as  late  as  1858  the  Columbian  was  in  existence, 
but  the  records  are  silent  as  to  when  it  was  born  and 
when  it  died. 

There  is  evidence  that  the  literary  societies  were  not 
always  in  high  favor  with  the  authorities.  In  the  Editor's 
Table  of  the  Collegian  for  July,  1839,  the  fact  that  the 
Board  of  Visitors  had,  some  two  years  before,  passed  a 
resolution  prohibiting  the  celebration  of  anniversaries  and 
the  delivery  of  addresses  in  public  by  students  is  referred 
to  with  much  feeling.  "We  are  forbidden  to  speak,"  wrote 
the  editors ;  "the  tongue  falters ;  the  lips  are  closed,  and 


60  JEFFERSON'S  UNIVERSITY 

the   voice   of   vivid   eloquence  must   ring  through  our   Co- 
rinthian columns  no  more." 

THE  COLLEGE  PRESS 

The  first  periodical  published  in  the  University  was  The 
Collegian.  It  was  conducted  by  a  committee  elected  by  the 
students  and  printed  by  James  Alexander,  of  Charlottes- 
ville.  The  first  committee  consisted  of  John  S.  Barbour, 
of  Culpeper,  John  Critcher,  of  Westmoreland  County,  R. 
Barnes  Gooch,  of  Richmond,  James  P.  Holcombe,  of 
Lynchburg,  and  Thomas  H.  Watts,  of  Alabama,  all  of 
whom  achieved  distinction  in  after  life.  John  S.  Barbour 
died  a  United  States  Senator,  after  many  years  of  active 
participation  in  public  affairs ;  John  Critcher  was  a  leader 
in  his  section  and  a  representative  of  his  district  in  Con- 
gress ;  R.  Barnes  Gooch,  a  distinguished  lawyer  in  Rich- 
mond, died  before  he  had  opportunity  to  manifest  his  full 
powers ;  James  P.  Holcombe  distinguished  himself  both  as 
teacher  and  as  statesman,  occupying  a  chair  in  this  institu- 
tion, and,  at  one  time,  a  seat  in  Congress ;  and  Thomas  H. 
Watts,  the  Confederate  States  Attorney-General,  was  for 
more  than  a  generation  the  great  man  of  his  native  State, 
of  which  he  was  governor.  The  first  number  was  issued  in 
October,  1838,  and  its  publication  was  continued  until  1842. 

It  was  followed  some  years  later  by  the  University  Lit- 
erary Magazine,  whose  first  number  was  dated  January, 
1849,  and  its  last,  May  of  the  same  year.  This  periodical 
should  not  be  confused  with  the  one  of  the  same  name 
whose  publication  was  begun  in  December,  1856,  about 
which  more  will  be  said. 

The  last  number  of  the  University  Literary  Magazine 
of  1849  contained  the  prospectus  of  the  Jefferson  Monu- 


SOCIETIES   AND   PUBLICATIONS  61 

ment  Magazine,  whose  first  number  appeared  in  October, 
1849.  The  purpose  of  its  foundation  was  to  commemorate 
the  founder  of  the  University  by  the  erection  of  a  monu- 
ment, the  cost  to  be  paid  out  of  the  surplus  income  of  the 
magazine !  It  lived  to  the  end  of  two  volumes,  but  no  man 
knows  whose  hands  directed  it  or  whose  enthusiasm  sus- 
tained it. 

The  Jefferson,  Washington  and  Columbian  societies  be- 
gan the  publication  of  the  University  of  Virginia  Maga- 
zine— the  second  of  the  name — in  December,  1856.  It 
was  primarily  intended  to  supply  instruction  in  "compo- 
sition," there  being  in  the  institution  at  that  time  no  chair 
charged  with  the  training  of  students  in  literary  expres- 
sion. Nothing  in  the  pages  of  the  earlier  issues  indicates 
who  were  its  editors.  The  custom  of  printing  their  names 
was  not  introduced  until  the  ninth  number.  A  volume  of 
poems  under  the  title  "Arcade  Echoes,"  now  in  its  second 
edition,  was  reprinted  from  its  pages  some  years  ago.  The 
first  edition  was  edited  by  Thomas  Longstreet  Wood,  of 
Albemarle  County,  Va.,  a  student  whose  brilliant  literary 
promise  had  entered  upon  its  fulfillment  when  death 
claimed  him;  the  second,  by  Mr.  John  W.  Fishburne,  of 
Charlottesville.  Six  of  its  best  stories  have  been  printed 
in  a  richly  bound  and  attractively  illustrated  volume,  of 
which  Dr.  Charles  W.  Kent  was  the  editor ;  the  illustrator, 
Mr.  Duncan  Smith  (M.  A.,  1897)  of  New  York.  The 
Magazine  is  issued  monthly  during  the  session. 

College  Topics  was  established  in  January,  1890,  as  a 
private  enterprise,  the  societies  refusing  to  take  the  finan- 
cial risk  involved.  The  founders  and  first  board  of  editors 
were  Leigh  R.  Page,  of  Richmond,  Va. ;  A.  C.  Carson,  of 
Riverton,  Va. ;  Stuart-Menteth  Beard,  of  Canandaigua, 


62  JEFFERSON'S  UNIVERSITY 

N.  Y. ;  Hunt  Chipley,  of  Pensacola,  Fla. ;  and  John  G. 
Tilton,  of  Baltimore,  Md.  As  the  Magazine  filled  the  lit- 
erary field,  Topics  was  projected  as  a  medium  of  college 
news  and  college  spirit.  It  was  soon  recognized  as  an  ex- 
ponent of  athletic  interests  and  in  1890-91  was  acquired 
by  and  became  the  official  organ  of  the  General  Athletic 
Association.  It  is  published  semi-weekly  by  a  staff  of 
editors  appointed  by  the  Advisory  Board  of  the  above- 
named  association. 

Corks  and  Curls,  an  illustrated  annual,  is  published  by 
a  board  of  editors  and  artists  appointed  by  the  Greek  letter 
fraternities  and  the  literary  societies,  and  was  first  issued 
in  1887.  It  is  a  handsome  quarto,  with  a  new  design  each 
year  for  the  cover,  and  its  contents  displays  the  best  talent 
in  literary  and  artistic  achievement  among  the  student 
body. 

The  Y.  M.  C.  A.  maintains  a  weekly  publication  known 
as  Madison  Hall  Notes  which  reviews  the  work  of  the  As- 
sociation for  the  current  week  and  by  its  calendar  indicates 
the  events  in  contemplation  in  college  life  for  the  week 
ahead. 

The  Virginia  Law  Review,  the  first  publication  of  the 
kind  in  the  South,  appeared  for  the  first  time  in  October, 
1913.  It  is  published  by  the  Law  Department  of  the  Uni- 
versity and  is  edited  and  managed  wholly  by  law  students, 
being  issued  monthly  from  October  to  May  inclusive.  By 
its  merit  it  has  earned  a  permanent  place  in  the  ranks  of 
American  law  periodicals. 

The  Yellozv  Journal,  first  published  in  1912  by  the  Sigma 
Delta  Chi  Journalistic  Fraternity,  has  been  continued  by 
the  Scarab  Society,  a  successor  to  Sigma  Delta  Chi.  Its 


SOCIETIES  AND   PUBLICATIONS  63 

columns  are  filled  with  cleverly  written  stories  of  events 
which  never  occurred,  and  with  satirical  reviews  of  the 
session's  happenings. 

The  above-named  publications  are  student  enterprises 
and  represent  and  reflect  undergraduate  life  and  activities. 
Other  publications  proceed  from  the  faculty.  The  first  of 
these,  The  Virginia  Literary  Museum  and  Journal  of  Belles 
Lettres,  Arts,  etc.,  was  established  by  Professors  Tucker 
and  Dunglison  in  June,  1828.  Only  two  volumes  appeared. 

In  1884  Professor  Ormond  Stone,  of  the  Leander  Mc- 
Cormick  Observatory,  established  The  Annals  of  Mathe- 
matics for  the  publication  of  the  results  of  advanced  in- 
vestigations. Fifteen  years  later  Harvard  University  ac- 
quired this  journal. 

The  Alumni  Bulletin,  a  quarterly  established  in  1894, 
was  intended  to  provide  a  means  of  communication  be- 
tween the  University  and  its  alumni.  The  University 
Record,  whose  publication  began  September,  1907,  is  a 
medium  of  more  strictly  official  information. 

The  University  of  Virginia  Alumni  News  is  issued 
fortnightly  during  the  college  year  by  the  Colonnade  Club. 
Its  aim  is  to  keep  the  alumni  in  touch  with  each  other  and 
with  the  current  events  of  the  Alma  Mater.  Beginning 
with  a  publication  of  only  a  few  pages  in  March,  1913,  its 
size  and  popularity  has  steadily  increased. 

The  Orange  and  Blue  Paper,  a  semi-humorous  successor 
of  the  Big  Tent,  is  an  alumni  campaign  periodical,  devoted 
to  news  of  the  reunions  held  each  June  at  Finals. 


V 
ATHLETICS 

EARLY  DAYS 

IN  THE  first  years  of  the  University  athletics  took  a  mili- 
tary form,  a  military  instructor  training  the  students  in 
the  manual  exercises,  field  evolutions,  manoeuvres,  and  so 
on.  Attendance  was  compulsory,  obedience  to  the  instructor 
enjoined  by  enactment,  and  a  uniform  was  prescribed.  The 
system  became  odious,  and  was  abolished  after  being  tried 
for  several  years. 

In  1852,  a  Monsieur  D'Alfonce  became  Physical  Instruc- 
tor, and  under  him  the  exercises  continued  to  be  of  semi- 
military  character.  His  services  in  this  department  lasted 
until  1866. 

Back  in  the  dark  ages,  when  the  University  had  no 
General  Athletic  Association  and  inter-collegiate  ball 
games  were  as  yet  unknown,  when  our  benighted 
forefathers  were  ignorant  of  "fouls"  and  "flukes," 
when  "mass  plays"  and  "curved  balls"  had  not  been 
invented,  a  pretty  sight  might  have  been  seen  from 
the  foot  of  the  Lawn.  As  the  visitor  reached  the  apex 
of  the  triangle,  his  eye  would  have  rested  on  a  great, 
circular  framed  building  in  the  midst  of  the  field  be- 
low. Near  it  would  have  been  seen  a  company  of 
two  or  three  hundred  students,  all  in  an  easy  uniform 
of  blue  blouse  and  grey  trousers,  drawn  up  in  rank 
and  file.  At  their  head  stood  a  lively  Frenchman,  an 
ex-soldier,  issuing  the  word  of  command.  And  under 
his  orders  this  regiment  of  college  boys  would  go 
through  a  series  of  complex  exercises,  marching  and 
counter  marching,  until  well  nigh  every  muscle  of 
the  body  was  brought  into  play — all  out  in  the  open 
air  and  under  the  smiling  blue  heavens.  Or,  entering 


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11s 


ATHLETICS  67 

the  building  at  an  earlier  hour,  he  would  have  found 
these  same  boys  turning  upon  bars,  swinging  upon 
ropes,  brandishing  broadswords  or  foils,  dumb-bells  or 
clubs.  And  then,  as  the  sun  descended  and  before  the 
great  bell  of  the  Rotunda  rang  out  its  evening  sum- 
mons, he  would  have  heard  the  Frenchman,  in  his 
splendid  baritone,  raise  the  chant  of  the  Marseillaise, 
or  some  other  martial  strain,  and  all  the  boys  would 
join  in,  and  the  great  chorus  of  manly  voices  would 
rise  harmonious  and  float  to  the  listening  ear  upon 
the  fragrant  air.  The  soldierly  Frenchman  was 
D'Alfonce,  and  the  days  were  the  days  ere  athletics 
had  come  in  to  rescue  the  University  from  swift  and 
dreadful  decadence. — PROF.  W.  M.  THORNTON. 

BOATING 

For  a  decade  after  the  departure  of  D'Alfonce,  athletics 
received  little  attention,  but  in  1877  the  late  Francis  R. 
Rives  of  New  York  (M.  A.  1841)  gave  $1,000  to  found 
a  boat  club,  and  on  April  17th  of  that  year  the  Rives  Boat 
Club  was  organized  with  thirty  members.  On  June  30th 
the  first  race  was  rowed  at  Lynchburg  against  the  Tobacco 
City  Boat  Club  of  that  city,  and  for  the  next  seven  years 
boating  became  the  most  prominent  athletic  sport.  The 
brilliant  success  of  the  University  crew  was  largely  due 
to  three  men :  John  Redwood,  coach  and  trainer,  DeCourcy 
W.  Thorn,  captain,  and  Charles  Lee  Andrews,  captain,  all 
of  Baltimore.  In  1883  an  unusual  flood  of  high  water  in 
the  Rivanna  River  swept  away  the  boat-house  and  all  of 
the  boats,  and  there  was  no  Andrews  or  Thorn  left  who 
could  sustain  the  disaster.* 


*Most  of  the  facts  regarding  early  athletics  are  from  "Under 
the  Cardinal  Red  and  Silver  Grey,"  by  William  H.  Echols,  '82, 
in  1914  Corks  and  Curls,  to  which  the  reader  is  referred  for 
further  details 


ATHLETICS  69 

BASEBALL 

Immediately  after  the  War,  in  1866-67,  a  baseball  team 
was  organized  at  the  University  called  the  "Monticello 
Club,"  which  played  the  "Washington  Nationals"  and  de- 
feated the  "Potomacs"  by  a  score  of  117  to  18.  From  this 
time  on  the  Magazine  records  numerous  games  played  at 
irregular  intervals  by  the  "Monticello  Nine."  Baseball 
continued  to  grow  in  strength  and  organization  until  it  be- 
came in  the  eighties  the  most  popular  college  sport,  which 
position  it  shares  with  football  at  the  present  day. 

FOOTBALL 

In  the  earlier  days  the  present  American  game  of  foot- 
ball did  not  exist,  either  Soccer  or  Rugby  being  played. 
The  first  mention  of  football  in  the  Magazine  is  a  refer- 
ence to  a  game  played  on  the  Lawn  by  the  Junior  Math 
Class  in  November,  1870.  In  November,  1873,  we  find  that 
"200  young  men  in  the  neighborhood  of  Dawson's  Row 
were  engaging  in  this  delightful  and  exciting  sport."  In 
December,  1873,  the  "Rules  of  Football  at  Yale,  Rutgers, 
and  Princeton"  were  printed  in  the  Magazine  with  the 
recommendation  that  they  be  adopted  by  the  "University 
of  Virginia  Football  Association."  Games  were  played  fre- 
quently between  the  "University  Eleven"  and  an  "English 
Eleven"  of  Albemarle  County  until  1878,  when  other  sports 
absorbed  the  interest  in  football,  which  was  not  revived 
until  the  session  of  1887-88,  when  the  game  of  American 
football  was  permanently  established. 

GYMNASTICS 

In  October,  1877,  E.  H.  Squibb,  76,  of  New  York  City, 
furnished  the  money  to  equip  a  gymnasium,  and  the  build- 


70  JEFFERSON'S  UNIVERSITY 

ing  at  the  south  end  of  East  Range,  next  to  the  present 
Randall  Building,  became  the  home  of  the  Squibb  Gym- 
nasium Association.  Formal  gymnastic  contests  were  held 
each  spring  for  all  the  usual  events.  In  1888— twenty-two 
years  after  D'Alfonce — an  instructor  in  physical  culture 
was  appointed.  This  was  Ellery  C.  Huntington.  His  suc- 
cessor was  Zelotes  W.  Coombs,  who  was  followed  by  John 
S.  Hitchcock,  of  Amherst,  Mass.,  afterwards  an  alumnus 
of  the  Medical  Department.  All  of  these  men  were  trained 
at  Amherst  College,  and  each  held  office  one  year.  Dr. 
William  A.  Lambeth  (M.  D.  1891)  succeeded  them  as 
Director  of  Athletics  and  has  since  been  regarded  as  the 
guiding  spirit  in  athletic  affairs.  To  him  probably  more 
than  to  any  one  man  may  be  attributed  Virginia's  athletic 
success  in  the  past  twenty  years.  During  the  session  of 
1905-06,  Henry  H.  Lannigan  was  appointed  Associate  Di- 
rector of  Athletics,  giving  special  attention  to  track  and 
basketball,  which  have  been  highly  developed  under  his 
guidance. 

FAYERWEATHER  GYMNASIUM 

Out  of  the  Fayerweather  gift  the  University  built  and 
equipped  the  Fayerweather  Gymnasium.  In  addition  to 
athletic  appliances,  it  contains  sponge  and  other  baths,  a 
swimming  pool,  bowling  alleys,  ball  cage,  hundreds  of 
lockers,  etc.  The  architects  were  Carpenter  &  Peebles,  of 
Norfolk,  Va.,  the  latter  an  alumnus. 

The  portico  is  Corinthian  and  of  strict  classic  pro- 
portions, with  graceful  fluted  columns  and  carved  cap- 
itals of  solid  stone,  carrying  on  worthily  the  Jeffer- 
sonian  scheme  of  the  architecture  at  the  University. 
The  rich  red  of  the  bricks  gives  the  prevailing  tone  of 
color,  harmonizing  perfectly  with  the  sandstone  trim- 


ATHLETICS  71 

mings,  and  making  a  pleasing  contrast  with  the  vivid 
greens  in  the  grass  and  foliage  which  form  the  set- 
ting and  background  of  the  picture.  And  the  espla- 
nade, seen  on  the  right,  much  foreshortened,  is  not 
only  a  pleasing  architectural  detail,  but  affords  a  charm- 
ing outlook  upon  the  campus  at  its  foot  with  its  tennis 
courts,  and  the  town  beyond,  and  the  wooded  heights 
of  Monticello  in  the  horizon. — PROF.  W.  M.  THORNTON. 


THE     FAYERWEATHER    GYMNASIUM 

GENERAL   ATHLETIC   ASSOCIATION 

The  central  athletic  organization  of  the  University, 
which  grew  out  of  the  Squibb  Gymnasium  Association  and 
the  University  Athletic  Association,  is  now  known  as  the 
General  Athletic  Association,  chartered  by  the  legislature. 
Students  and  alumni  become  members  on  payment  of  an- 


JEFFERSON'S  UNIVERSITY 

nual  dues.  It  is  governed  by  an  advisory  board  of  selected 
students  and  faculty  members.  The  officers  are  a  pres- 
ident, vice-president,  secretary,  and  treasurer,  and  the  man- 
agers of  the  various  athletic  teams. 

In  January,  1901,  the  making  of  the  arena  known  as 
Lambeth  Field  was  begun.  It  is  two  minutes  walk  from 
the  Gymnasium,  in  which  respect  it  has  great  advantage 
over  the  "old  baseball  grounds,"  and  is  in  every  way  an 
ideal  place  for  college  sports.  Its  dimensions — five  hundred 
by  six  hundred  feet — give  ample  room  for  intercollegiate 
football  and  baseball  games,  and  for  track  meets,  etc.  It 
was  first  used  in  the  baseball  season  of  1902.  Here  many 
an  exciting  contest  has  been  waged,  while  lively  college 
songs  urged  Virginia  to  her  utmost  achievement.  The 
scene  is  an  inspiring  one  when  the  rooters  are  in  good 
voice.  Then  the  academic  quiet  is  shattered  by  hundreds 
of  voices  roaring  the  "Wah-hoo-wah"  of  the  "long  yell," 
the  "Ray!  Ray!  Ray!— Rah!  Rah!  Virginia!"  of  the 
"Ray  Yell"  or  the  "V-i-r-g-i-n-i-a !"  of  the  "New  Yell." 
Of  all  Virginia's  songs  the  favorite  is  the  "Good  Old  Song," 
(Air,  "Auld  Lang  Syne"),  which  was  written  by  Edward 
A.  Craighill  in  1895.  Whenever  college  men  gather  at 
athletic  contests  or  at  smokers,  banquets  or  conventions,  a 
group  of  Virginia  men  will  always  be  seen,  singing  with 
bared  heads : 

That  good  old   song  of  Wah-hoo-wah, 

We'll    sing   it   o'er   and   o'er; 
It  cheers  our  hearts  and  warms  our  blood 

To  hear  them  shout  and  roar. 
We  come  from  old  Virginia, 

Wh'ire    all    is    bright    and    gay; 
Let's  all  join  hands  and  give  a  yell 

For  the  dear  old  U.  V-a. 


ATHLETICS  73 

CHORUS 

Wah-hoo-wah-hoo ! 
Wah-hoo-wah, 
Uni-v.    Virginia! 
Hoo,  rah,  ray! 
Hoo,  rah,  ray ! 
Ray!   Ray! 
U.   V-a. 

What  though  the  tide  of  years  may  roll, 

And  drift  us  far  apart; 
For  Alma  Mater  still   there'll  be 

A  place  in  every  heart. 
In  college  days  we  sing  her  praise, 

And   so   when   far  away, 
In  memory  we  still  shall  be 

At  the  dear  old  U.  V-a. 

During  Easter  Week,  the  gayest  of  the  session,  a  series 
of  games  is  played  on  Lambeth  Field  before  great  gather- 
ings made  brilliant  by  the  presence  of  visiting  young  ladies 
and  alumni  who  gather  at  the  University  annually  for  the 
post-lenten  season.  At  a  slightly  lower  level  than  Lambeth 
Field  is  Lefevre  Field,  about  300  feet  square,  on  which 
practice  games  are  played. 

The  new  concrete  stadium  on  Lambeth  Field  is  800  feet 
long,  with  a  seating  capacity  of  5,800.  The  form  is  that 
of  a  quarter  circle  with  a  broad  colonnade  roofed  in  red 
tile.  At  each  end  is  a  concrete  field-house,  one  for  the 
visiting  and  one  for  the  home  team.  This  structure  was 
first  used  at  a  big  game  on  November  1,  1913,  when  over 
3,000  persons  saw  the  Virginia- Vanderbilt  football  game. 


-  en 

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ATHLETICS  75 

THE  UNIVERSITY  COLORS 

College  Topics  (1904)  gives  the  following  account  of 
the  origin  of  the  present  University  colors : 

"In  the  fall  of  1888  there  was  a  mass  meeting  called  in 
old  Public  Hall,  in  the  annex  to  the  Rotunda,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  changing  the  University  colors.  Up  to  that  time 
the  colors  had  been  silver  grey  and  cardinal  red,  intend- 
ing to  represent  the  grey  of  the  Confederacy,  dyed  in 
blood.  These  colors  had  been  in  use  for  a  number  of  years 
and  had  won  their  way  into  the  affections  of  many  old 
students.  The  reasons  for  desiring  a  change  were  the  un- 
suitableness  of  the  grey  and  red  for  athletic  uniforms  and 
the  difficulty  of  obtaining  red  dye  of  the  desired  tint  that 
would  not  fade.  Mr.  Allen  Potts,  one  of  the  University's 
earliest  athletic  heroes,  had  attended  the  meeting  in  his 
football  clothes,  being  on  his  way  to  the  field  for  the  after- 
noon's practice.  He  had  rolled  about  his  neck  a  very  large 
silk  handkerchief,  striped  navy  blue  and  orange.  Some  stu- 
dent sitting  behind  him  reached  over  and  pulled  the  handker- 
chief from  his  neck  and  waving  it  yelled,  'How  will  these 
colors  do?'  This  seemed  to  take  the  fancy  of  the  crowd 
and  orange  and  blue  were  chosen  without  opposition.  The 
handkerchief  was  really  a  waist  handkerchief  that  the 
English  college  men  used  at  that  time  instead  of  a  belt. 
Mr.  Potts  had  obtained  it  the  summer  before  in  Oxford 
with  a  lot  of  boating  clothes.  He  still  has  the  handkerchief 
framed  and  hung  up  in  his  room  at  Castle  Hill,  Va." 


VI 
THE    ALUMNI 

SOCIETY  OF  THE  ALUMNI 

THE  Society  of  the  Alumni  was  founded  in  1838,  but 
there  exists  only  the  briefest  record  of  its  transac- 
tions from  the  organization  until  after  the  civil  war.  At 
a  meeting  of  the  Faculty  in  January,  1838,  Professor 
Tucker  proposed  that  a  committee  should  be  appointed  by 
the  chairman  to  organize  a  society  of  alumni.  The  mem- 
bers of  the  committee  were  immediately  appointed  by  Dr. 
Gessner  Harrison,  then  chairman,  and  they  were  Profes- 
sors George  Tucker,  J.  A.  G.  Davis,  M.  D.,  and  John  P. 
Emmet,  M.  D..  The  Society  was  organized  July  4,  1838. 
The  first  officers  were:  Alexander  Moseley,  president; 
Willis  P.  Bocock  and  George  N.  Johnson,  vice-presidents ; 
Thomas  H.  Ellis,  secretary ;  and  George  W.  Truehart, 
treasurer.  In  the  student  publications — first  the  Collegian 
and  then  the  Magazine — are  occasional  references  to  the 
addresses  before  the  Society  of  Alumni  on  commencement 
occasions.  The  first  oration  of  which  there  is  any  notice 
was  the  one  by  the  Hon.  R.  M.  T.  Hunter,  on  the  9th  of 
July,  1839,  and  it  is  quite  probable  this  distinguished  alum- 
nus was  the  first  of  the  long  line  of  notable  men  who  have 
accepted  the  invitation  to  return  to  the  Alma  Mater  and 
speak  to  her  children  who  have  not  gone  forth,  as  well  as 
to  those  who  come  back  for  the  commencement  season  of 
reunion.  In  the  library  are  two  volumes  of  "Addresses  and 
Memorials  of  the  University  of  Virginia,"  made  up  chiefly 
of  the  orations  delivered  on  such  occasions.  Thev  con- 


THE  ALUMNI  77 

tain  several  addresses  that  take  rank  with  those  of  the 
great  orators  of  the  world.  Certainly  to  this  eminence 
rises  the  effort  of  the  late  Senator  Daniel  W.  Voorhees, 
of  Indiana. 

At  the  first  meeting  after  the  war,  June  28,  1866,  the 
secretary  reported  that  during  the  occupation  of  Char- 
lottesville  by  Gen.  Sheridan,  in  March  of  the  previous 
year,  his  desk  containing  all  of  the  records  and  papers  of 
the  Society  was  carried  off  by  the  Federal  soldiers,  thus 
leaving  the  Society  without  written  constitution,  laws,  or 
list  of  members.  A  committee  consisting  of  N.  H.  Massie, 
Green  Peyton,  S.  V.  Southall,  Eugene  Davis  and  W.  J. 
Robertson,  prepared  a  constitution  and  by-laws,  which  were 
adopted  in  1867.  Since  the  reorganization  the  records  are 
fairly  complete.  The  following  list  of  orators  and  pres- 
idents of  the  Society  is  worth  preserving: 

1867 — Marmaduke  Johnson,  of  Virginia,  orator;  J.  P.  Holcombe, 

of   Virginia,    president. 
1868 — Charles  Marshall,   of   Maryland,   orator;   J.   P.   Holcombe, 

of   Virginia,    president. 
1869 — William    C.    Rives,    of    Massachusetts,    orator;    A.    H.    H. 

Stuart,  of  Virginia,  president. 
1870 — J.  W.   Stevenson,   of  Kentucky,  orator;  A.   H.   H.   Stuart, 

of  Virginia,  president. 

1871 — W.   B.  Napton,  of  Missouri,  orator;  J.  L.  Marye,  of  Vir- 
ginia,   president. 
1872 — W.    B.    Quarles,    of    Tennessee,    orator;    J.    L.    Marye,    of 

Virginia,  president. 
1873 — Thomas   Swann,   of   Maryland,   orator;    B.   J.    Barbour,   of 

Virginia,  president. 
1874 — J.    H.    Kennard,   of   Louisiana,    orator;    B.   J.    Barbour,    of 

Virginia,  president. 
1875 — R.  M.  T.  Hunter,  of  Virginia,  orator;  D.  B.  Lucas  (poem), 

of  West  Virginia;  B.  J.  Barbour,  of  Virginia,   president. 
1876 — F.   W.    M.    Holliday,   of   Virginia,    orator;    B.   J.    Barbour, 

of   Virginia,   president. 


78  JEFFERSON'S  UNIVERSITY 

1877 — Xo  orator;  J.  M.  Hanger,  of  Virginia,  president. 

1878 — J.  c.  SouthalL  of  Virginia,  (opening  of  Brooks  Museum), 
orator;  J.  M.  Hanger,  of  Virginia,  president. 

1879 — T.  U.  Dudley,  Kentucky,  orator;  J.  R.  Tucker,  of  Virginia, 
president. 

188O— J.  H.  Chamberlayne,  of  Virginia,  orator;  J.  R.  Tucker,  of 
Virginia,  president. 

1881— J.  O.  Broadhead,  of  Missouri,  orator;  J.  W.  Stevenson,  of 
Kentucky,   president. 

1882— H.   Tutwiler,   of  Alabama,   orator;   J.  W.   Stevenson,   of 
Kentucky,  president. 

1883— W.  C  Rives,  of  Massachusetts  (W.  B.  Rogers,  Memorial), 
orator;  F.  R.   Rives,  of  Xew  York,  president. 

1884 — A.   P.  Humphrey,  of  Kentucky,  orator;   F.  R.  Rives,  of 
Xew  York,   president. 

1885— C.  E.  Stuart,  Virginia,  orator;  C  M.  Black  ford,  of  Vir- 
ginia, president. 

1886— C  E.  Fenner,  of  Louisiana,  orator;  C  M.  Black  ford,  of 
Virginia,  president. 

1887— H.  A.   Herbert,  of  Alabama,  orator;   H.   E.  Jackson,  of 
Tennessee,  president. 

1888— W.  Gordon  McCabe,  of  Virginia,  orator;  H.  E.  Jackson, 
of  Tennessee,  president. 

1889— H.  T.  Kent,  of  Missouri,  orator;  A.  E.  Richards,  of  Vir- 
ginia, president. 

1890— J.  L.  Gordon,  of  Virginia,  orator;  A.  E.  Richards,  of  Vir- 
ginia, president. 

1891— W.  L.  Wilson,  of  West  Virginia,  orator;  Charles  Marshall, 
of  Maryland,  president. 

1892 — L.   S.   Marye,   of  Virginia,  orator;   Charles   Marshall,   of 
Maryland,  president. 

1893— W.  C  Bruce,  of  Maryland,  orator;  Joseph  Bryan,  of  Vir- 
ginia, president. 

1894— Rev.    John    Johnson,    D.    D.,    of    South    Carolina,    ora- 
tor; Joseph  Bryan,  of  Virginia,  president. 

1895— Woodrow  Wilson,  of  Xew  Jersey,  orator;   George  Per- 
kins, of  Virginia,  president. 

1896— Rev.    J.    S.    Lindsay,    D.    D.,    of  Massachusetts,  orator; 
George  Perkins,  of  Virginia,  president. 

1897— W.  R.  Abbot,  of  Virginia,  orator;  Rev.  Randolph  H.  Mc- 
Kim,  D.  D.,  of  Washington,  D.  C,  president. 


THE  ALUMNI  79 

1898 — Rev.  Randolph  H.  McKim,  D.  D.,  of  Washington,  D.  C., 
orator;  George  Perkins,  of  Virginia,  president. 

1899 — John  Bassett  Moore,  of  New  York,  orator;  George  Per- 
kins, of  Virginia,  president. 

1900 — Leigh  Robinson,  of  Washington,  D.  C.,  orator;  Samuel 
Spencer,  of  Washington,  D.  C.,  president. 

1901 — Blewett  Lee,  of  Illinois,  orator;  Thomas  Nelson  Page,  of 
Virginia,  president. 

1902 — E.  H.  Farrar,  of  Louisiana,  orator;  Joseph  B.  Dunn,  of 
Virginia,  president. 

GENERAL  ALUMNI  ASSOCIATION 

On  June  17,  1902,  a  new  Constitution  was  adopted,  merg- 
ing the  Society  of  the  Alumni  into  the  General  Alumni  As- 
sociation, and  on  March  7,  1903,  a  legislative  charter  was 
granted  to  the  new  association,  which  now  has  seventy-one 
local  chapters  scattered  over  the  United  States.  These 
local  chapters  have  been  granted  the  right  by  the  Board  of 
Visitors  of  the  University  under  certain  conditions  to  name 
the  incumbents  of  so-called  "Alumni  Scholarships"  and  in 
this  way  many  intelligent  but  needy  young  men,  who  might 
otherwise  be  deprived  of  thorough  college  training,  are 
able  to  receive  educational  advantages  at  Virginia.  Since 
the  foundation  of  the  General  Alumni  Association  the  fol- 
lowing gentlemen  have  served  in  the  honorable  positions 
of  orators  and  presidents: 

1903 — W.    Gordon    Robertson,    of    Virginia,    orator;    James    B. 

Sener.  of  Virginia,   president. 
1904 — Henry  Louis   Smith,   of   North   Carolina,  orator;    George 

W.  Morris,  of  Virginia,  president. 
1905 — Charles    Forest    Moore,    of    New   York,    orator;    Thomas 

Nelson  Page,  of  Virginia,  president. 
1906 — Robert    K.   Massie.   of  Virginia,   orator;   Thomas   Nelson 

Page,  of  Virginia,  president. 
1907 — George    Gordon    Battle,    of    New    York,    orator;    Samuel 

Spencer,  of  Washington,  D.  C.,  president. 


THE    COLONNADE   CLUB'S    REUNION    TROPHY   CUP,    PRESENTED   EACH 
FINALS     TO    THE    CLASS    HAVING    THE    LARGEST    PER- 
CENTAGE   OF    ATTENDANCE 


THE  ALUMNI  81 

1908 — George  Wayne  Anderson,  of  Virginia,  orator;  DeCourcy 
W.  Thorn,  of  Maryland,  president  (acting). 

1909— Dr.  Hugh  H.  Young,  of  Maryland,  orator;  William  A. 
Jones,  of  Virginia,  president. 

1910 — Charles  Baskerville,  of  New  York,  orator;  William  A. 
Jones,  of  Virginia,  president. 

1911_Archibald  R.  Watson,  of  New  York,  orator;  R.  Walton 
Moore,  of  Virginia,  president. 

1912 — Lewis  P.  Chamberlayne,  of  South  Carolina,  orator;  R. 
Walton  Moore,  of  Virginia,  president. 

1913 — Lewis  M.  Coleman,  of  Tennessee,  orator;  Oscar  W.  Un- 
derwood, of  Alabama,  president. 

1914 — J.  Stewart  Bryan,  of  Virginia,  orator;  Oscar  W.  Under- 
wood, of  Alabama,  president. 

1915 — Richard  I.  Manning,  of  South  Carolina,  orator;  John 
Sharp  Williams,  of  Mississippi,  president. 

RECENT  ALUMNI  ACTIVITIES 

In  May,  1907,  the  Colonnade  Club  was  formed  "to  en- 
courage social  intercourse  among  the  members  of  the  fac- 
ulty and  the  alumni  of  the  University  of  Virginia,  and  to 
promote,  by  such  other  means  as  may  be  feasible,  the  in- 
terests and  welfare  of  said  University."  * 

Starting  with  seventy  resident  members,  the  Club  has 
gradually  increased  to  nearly  one  hundred  resident  and 
over  seven  hundred  nonresident  members,  exerting  a  wide 
influence  among  the  alumni.  The  two  most  valuable  serv- 
ices the  Club  has  rendered  are  the  publication  in  January, 
1910,  of  an  alphabetical  Alumni  Directory  under  the  super- 
vision of  Secretary  L.  Bruce  Moore,  and  the  foundation  of 
the  Alumni  News  in  March,  1913,  by  Secretary  Russell 
Bradford.  The  Colonnade  Club  was  the  only  body  with 
funds  enough  to  handle  alumni  work  until  January,  1914, 
when  the  office  of  Alumni  Recorder  was  established.  June, 


*Charter  of  Colonnade  Club,  §   (c). 


THE  ALUMNI  83 

1914,  marked  the  retirement  of  Dr.  J.  M.  Page,  who  for 
ten  years  had  efficiently  acted  as  Secretary  of  the  General 
Alumni  Association,  and  Allen  Perkins,  who  had  been 
Treasurer  for  a  similar  period.  The  two  offices  were 
merged  into  that  of  Secretary-Treasurer,  to  which  office 
Lewis  D.  Crenshaw,  the  Alumni  Recorder,  was  elected. 
Since  that  date  the  alumni  and  the  University  have  financed 
the  work  jointly  and  all  alumni  work  is  now  centralized  in 
one  office. 

CLASS  ORGANIZATION 

Class  reunions  were  unknown  at  the  University  of  Vir- 
ginia until  the  Finals  of  1913,  at  which  time  the  "Pioneer 
Class"  of  1908  returned  seventy-nine  strong  for  the  first 
big  alumni  home-coming.  Since  then  other  classes  have 
followed  1908's  example,  so  that  now  each  June  sees  four 
of  five  hundred  alumni  returning  for  reunions.  As  a  re- 
sult Finals  has  become  as  famous  socially  as  Easter  Week, 
and  the  antics  of  the  old  alumni  are  watched  by  thousands 
who  flock  to  see  the  triumphant  alumni  parades  and  the 
other  spectacular  events  which  make  up  the  Finals  pro- 
gram. Noted  statesmen,  doctors,  lawyers,  educators  and 
business  men  forsake  the  routine  of  their  daily  life  and 
roam  care-free  once  more  over  the  beloved  Lawn  and 
along  the  old  arcades. 


VII 

THE     GREAT     WAR 

STUDENTS  IN  THE  CIVIL  WAR 

HnHREE  companies  of  students  were  organized  at  the 
•*•  University  at  the  beginning  of  the  Civil  War.  The 
first  was  known  as  the  Southern  Guard,  and  was  com- 
manded by  Captain  Edward  S.  Hutter,  of  Lynchburg. 
He  afterwards  became  a  major  in  the  Confederate  service. 

The  second  company  was  called  the  Sons  of  Liberty, 
Captain  James  T.  Tosh,  of  Roanoke  County.  Captain 
Tosh  was 'killed  April  7,  1894,  by  an  explosion  at  Stevens- 
burg,  Virginia. 

The  third  company  was  organized  in  April  or  May,  1861, 
with  James  Parran  Crane  of  Great  Mills,  Md.,  later  of 
Leonardtown,  in  the  same  State,  as  captain,  and  William 
W.  Old,  of  Norfolk,  Va.,  as  lieutenant.  On  the  4th  of 
July,  1861,  this  company  left  the  University  for  Wise's 
Legion,  then  operating  in  what  is  now  West  Virginia,  and 
was  attached  to  the  Second  Regiment  commanded  by 
Colonel  Henningsen,  the  Nicaraguan  filibuster.  The  com- 
pany was  disbanded  by  Secretary  Benjamin  to  enable  the 
members  to  join  commands  in  their  own  States. 

The  "Sons  of  Liberty"  (named  by  Professor  Hoi- 
combe)  wore  red  shirts,  trimmed  with  black  velvet 
and  well  bespangled  with  brass  buttons,  black  doeskin 
trousers,  dark  blue  caps,  and  white  cross-belts  with 
huge  brass  buckles.  The  other  company,  "The  South- 
ern Guard,"  was  distinguished  by  blue  shirts  and  light 
blue  caps.  Arms  were  secured  from  Richmond,  and 
consisted  of  very  ancient  flint-lock  muskets  (minus 


THE  GREAT  WAR 


85 


MEDALS    PRESENTED   AT   THE    1912    FINALS   TO 
THE    CONFEDERATE    VETERAN    ALUMNI 

the  flints),  cartridge-boxes  (but  no  cartridges),  and 
bayonet-scabbards About  dark  the  bat- 
talion marched  to  Charlottesville,  where  we  found  the 
"Monticello  Guards"  of  that  town  under  arms  and 
awaiting  a  train  from  Staunton,  on  which  came  the 
"West  Augusta  Guards."  ....  As  soon  as  the 
train  arrived,  we  were  loaded  in  box-cars,  and  were 
soon  off  for  the  war — sans  rations,  blankets,  overcoats, 
haversacks,  canteens  and  cartridges,  not  even  a  candle 
to  break  the  total  darkness — two  car-loads  of  unpre- 
pared but  unquenchable  enthusiasm.  Was  there  one 
of  us  that  did  not,  during  the  stern  trials  that  soon 
came  to  test  us,  recall  with  a  smile,  perhaps  a  tear, 
that  first  boyish  rush  to  duty  ?  * 

Five  hundred  of  the  alumni  of  this  institution  gave  their 
lives  for  the  cause  of  the  South.    Two  bronze  tablets  bear- 


*Frank  S.  Robertson  in  Alumni  Bulletin. 


86  JEFFERSON'S   UNIVERSITY 

ing  their  names  have  been  placed  on  the  wall  of  the  Ro- 
tunda, in  the  south  portico,  by  the  Ladies  Confederate 
Memorial  Association,  aided  by  the  Albemarle  Chapter, 
Daughters  of  the  Confederacy,  the  unveiling  ceremonies, 
May  23,  1906,  being  witnessed  by  some  whose  comrades 
in  the  lecture  room  and  on  the  battlefield  were  being  thus 
commemorated.  On  Lee's  birthday  and  other  memorial 
occasions  these  tablets  are  wreathed  in  immortelles  and 
laurel.  * 

THE:  CEMETERY 

There  is  one  little  spot  within  the  five  hundred  broad 
acres  that  surround  the  University  which  appeals  pathetic- 
ally to  .all  lovers  of  the  place.  Lying  to  one  side,  down 
a  pathway  overshadowed  by  noble  oaks,  over  against  a 
green,  embowered  wood,  is  a  miniature  God's-acre  overrun 
with  white  and  blue  periwinkle,  separated  from  the  noisy 
highway  where  impatient  feet  pass  all  day  long,  and  gath- 
ering to  itself  a  solemn  calm  from  the  separation,  most 


*This  roll  of  honor  is  reproduced  in  Patton's  ''Jefferson, 
Cabell  and  the  University  of  Virginia,"  p.  222,  et  seq. 

Those  who  desire  to  look  more  closely  into  the  war  record 
of  the  alumni  are  referred  to  this  volume  and  to  "The  Univer- 
sity Memorial,"  by  the  Rev.  John  Lipscomb  Johnson,  pub- 
lished by  Turnbull  Bros.,  of  Baltimore,  in  1871.  The  latter  vol- 
ume contains  over  seven  hundred  pages,  and  includes  biogra- 
phies of  nearly  two  hundred  University  of  Virginia  men  who 
took  up  arms  for  the  Confederacy.  "The  list,"  says  the  author, 
"comprises  not  a  few  of  those  who  achieved  the  highest  honors 
of  their  Alma  Mater:  twelve  masters  of  arts,  two  bachelors  of 
arts,  nine  bachelors  of  law,  and  two  doctors  of  medicine  are 
found  in  it,  while  the  literary  societies  are  represented  by  six 
valedictory  orators,  four  readers,  thirteen  presidents,  and  five 
magazine  editors." 


THE  GREAT  WAR  87 

tranquilizing  to  the  contemplative  observer.  Here,  in  its 
small  enclosure,  in  sight  of  the  gleaming  copper  dome  of 
the  Rotunda,  under  the  shelter  of  the  noble  elevation  from 
which  rises  the  great  McCormick  observatory,  exists  apart 
and  in  charming  seclusion  the  one  spot  to  which  old  lovers 
of  the  University  turn  most  lovingly,  the  resting-place  of  a 
little  world  of  people  once  associated  writh  all  the  light  and 
laughter  about  the  University 

It  is  a  little  Westminster  Abbey  in  the  woods  where  men, 
famous  in  the  annals  of  the  University,  sleep  a  perfect 
sleep  among  blossoming  vines  and  ivied  cedars,  attended 
ever  in  their  sleep  by  the  loving  ministrations  of  the  living. 
Full  it  is  of  honored  and  distinguished  names,  yet  the  place 
itself  is  not  larger  than  that  which  is  covered  by  many  a 
great  European  cathedral  with  its  far-stretching  aisles  and 
apse,  here  represented  only  by  the  vaulting  heavens  and  the 
vanishing  distance  of  columned,  overshadowing  trees  most 
full  at  times  of  mellifluous  voices ;  full  it  is,  too,  of  chil- 
dren's tombs  and  of  unknown  folk,  and  small  snow-white 
bits  of  marble  that  seem  to  supplicate  a  glance  from  the 
passer-by 

The  reverent  spectator  will  be  struck  on  entering  the 
burial  ground  with  the  simplicity  of  the  monumental  mar- 
bles. Simple  crosses,  the  flamelike  obelisk  of  granite  or 
polished  stone,  columns  surmounted  by  urns,  rounded  head- 
stones without  symbols  of  any  kind,  three  or  four  old  Eng- 
lish tombs  with  cavern  sides,  and  engraved  horizontal 
slabs,  bits  of  glimmering  stone  with  children's  names  en- 
graved ;  these  are  all. 

Nothing  proud,  little  that  is  pretentious,  desecrates  this 
ivy-mantled  sanctuary  of  the  University  dead  who  have 
stepped  aside  here  for  a  brief  rest  till  the  resurrection-morn, 


MONUMENT   TO    CONFEDERATE   DEAD 


THE  GREAT  WAR  89 

like  tired  travellers  sitting  for  a  moment  by  the  wayside, 
•'pilgrims  of  eternity."  * 

THE  SOLDIERS'  CEMETERY 

Beside  this  embowered  God's-acre  is  another  of  about 
equal  extent.  It  is  the  silent  bivouac  of  men  who  wore  the 
grey — Georgia  Volunteers,  rebels  from  the  Carolinas,  Mis- 
sissippi, Alabama  and  far  Louisiana.  Some  of  them  fell 
mortally  wounded  at  Chancellorsville  and  some  at  the 
Wilderness,  and  they  all  sleep  literally  under  the  sod  and 
the  dew  and  the  great  oaks,  for  the  brick  wall  which  sep- 
arates the  beds  of  these  victims  of  a  great  political  upheaval 
from  the  last  resting  places  of  dead  professors  and  their 
congeners  shuts  out  the  periwinkle,  the  rose,  the  shrubbery 
and  the  trees  which  beautify  the  spot  sacred  to  the  repose 
of  those  who  have  yielded  to  mere  mortality. 

But  the  rose  is  not  always  wanting  in  the  Soldiers'  Ceme- 
tery. The  30th  of  May,  or  some  day  about  that  time  in 
spring,  is  dedicated  to  the  memory  of  the  fallen,  and  the 
people  repair  to  this  little  cemetery  at  the  foot  of  Mt.  Jef- 
ferson to  lay  many  a  rose  reverently  above  the  ashes  of 
the  soldier  dead.  And  in  the  center  of  the  ground  stands 
a  monument  to  the  heroes  of  1861-65  (a  testimonial  as  well 
to  the  noble  women  of  this  community  who  built  it  "for  re- 
membrance"), an  heroic  figure  in  bronze,  by  Buberl,  nobly 
typifying  the  Confederate  soldier.  "Fate,"  says  the  inscrip- 
tion, "denied  them  victory,  but  crowned  them  with  glori- 
ous immortality." 


*Dr.  James  A.  Harrison  in  Alumni  Bulletin. 


DR.    EDWIN    ANDERSON   ALDERMAN,   THE   FIRST  PRESIDENT 


VIII 
FIRST     PRESIDENT:       TEN     YEARS 

THE  year  1915  saw  the  close  of  a  decade  of  achievement 
by  President  Alderman  at  this  University.  The  his- 
tory of  this  period  is  now  written  in  the  records  of  this  in- 
stitution and  it  is  an  inspiring  story.  It  is  not  a  story  com- 
pletely told,  for  there  is  a  psychological  side  to  achievement 
which  can  not  be  set  down  and  added  up.  To  some  types 
of  appraisers  it  is  merely  lagniappe,  something  thrown  in, 
although  it  is  the  best  part  of  service.  What  could  be  and 
has  been  written  relates  that  in  the  beginning  the  buildings, 
land  and  equipment  amounted  to  $1,650,787;  they  are  now 
$1,933,213;  then  the  endowment  aggregated  $741,668;  now 
$2,014,743.  The  income  has  increased  from  $157,632  to 
$298,794. 

During  the  past  ten  years  there  have  been  constructed  at 
the  University,  or  are  in  course  of  construction  now,  the 
following  buildings  and  improvements :  President's  house, 
$28,837.13;  improvements  to  heating  plants,  $9,393.93; 
dining  hall,  $30,000;  new  wing  to  hospital,  $40,000;  law 
building,  $64,560.28 ;  meter  house,  $634.28 ;  education  build- 
ing, $40,000;  entrance  building,  gate  and  grading,  $35,000; 
dean's  house  and  alumni  hall,  $19,000;  athletic  grounds, 
stadium,  etc.,  $25,000;  total  $292,425.62. 

The  faculty  has  doubled  in  ten  years.  Other  units  of 
power  have  been  enlarged — the  number  of  laboratories,  the 
number  of  volumes  in  the  library,  the  courses  of  study  of- 
fered, are  easily  double;  the  entrance  requirements  have 
been  raised  from  un formulated  exactions  to  fourteen 
units,  and  in  spite  of  this  last  fact  the  number  of  students 


92  JEFFERSON'S   UNIVERSITY 

has  increased  by  a  fourth  and  the  number  of  graduates 
more  than  a  hundred  per  cent.  To  so  increase  the  intensity 
of  performance  as  to  require  two  highly  trained  men  where 
one  was  needed  before,  two  scientific  laboratories  where 
one  was  sufficient,  to  put  into  the  general  library  a  thou- 
sand books  for  every  thousand  assembled  there  previously, 
to  more  than  double  the  endowment,  to  erect  a  building  a 
year,  remodel  others,  to  make  the  extensive  grounds  of  the 
institution  a  large  garden  of  beauty,  to  inspire  men  to  their 
best  achievements,  to  open  new  avenues  to  accomplishment 
and  larger  fields  of  promise,  has  been  the  great  task  of 
President  Alderman  performed  to  the  last  item  in  such  a 
way  as  to  arouse  the  pride  of  all  who  love  the  University 
and  to  command  the  gratitude  of  all  whose  insight  reveals 
to  them  the  large  and  continuing  significance  of  what  he 
has  done. 

Positions  of  honor — symbols  of  power  translated  into 
service — are  perhaps  the  best,  as  certainly  they  are  the 
most  obvious,  measure  of  a  good  citizen's  contribution  to 
his  State.  Dr.  Alderman  since  the  beginning  of  his  presi- 
dency of  this  University,  has  devoted  much  time  and 
thought  to  the  interests  committed  to  him  as  member  or 
officer  of  various  boards  and  commissions  in  the  state  and 
nation. 

President  Alderman  in  an  address  delivered  in  Cabell 
Hall  on  Founder's  Day,  1915,  said: 

"Ten  years  ago,  standing  in  this  spot  after  eight  months 
of  service,  I  had  the  high  honor  and  great  privilege  to  take 
the  oath  of  office  as  the  first  President  of  the  University 
of  Virginia.  In  so  doing  I  used  these  words :  'I  undertake 
this  task  with  hope  and  courage.  To  obey  its  statutes;  to 
respect  its  ancient  spirit ;  to  maintain  its  lofty  ideals ;  to 
seek  with  patience  the  laws  of  its  growth ;  to  give  to  its 


FIRST  PRESIDENT:   TEN  YEARS    .          93 

service,  with  gladness,  whatever  strength  I  have;  all  this 
I  shall  seek  to  do.  By  God's  help,  I  will/  And  further  on 
in  the  discourse  of  that  occasion,  I  spoke  thus :  'I  pledge 
myself  to  do  what  I  can  to  cherish  and  to  magnify,  come 
good  days  or  ill,  this  inspiring  university  character.  I  do 
not  mean  that  there  should  not  be  readjustment  here — 
change,  if  you  will — the  growth  that  is  conservative  of  life 
and  that  comes  somehow  out  of  the  tissues  of  ancient 
strength.  A  changing  society  means  a  changing  curricu- 
lum, and  a  university  is  society  shaping  itself  to  future 
needs/  I  dare  to  claim  here  today  with  some  pride  and 
yet  with  humility  that  I  have  lived  up  to  the  letter  and 
spirit  of  that  solemn  obligation,  and  I  may  be  pardoned  for 
enumerating  succinctly  some  of  the  striking  figures  of  the 
development  and  growth  within  that  period,  knowing  that 
you  will  understand  that  I  do  not  mean  that  this  growth  is 
the  work  of  any  one  man  but  is  the  result  of  a  quickening 
social  life,  a  cooperative  and  unified  faculty  and  govern- 
ing body,  and  a  sympathetic  and  understanding  body  of 
alumni  and  friends.  On  that  day  there  were  in  the  Uni- 
versity 25  full  professors ;  there  are  now  36.  There  were 
no  associate  professors ;  there  are  now  7.  There  were  3 
adjunct  professors;  there  are  now  12.  There  were  13  in- 
structors ;  there  are  now  24.  There  were  10  assistants ; 
there  are  now  16.  There  were  8  student  assistants ;  there 
are  now  15.  There  were  7  administrative  officers ;  there 
are  now  14.  There  were  645  students ;  there  are  now  935. 
The  growth  in  students,  therefore,  for  the  decade  is  290. 
This  is  a  moderate  growth,  and  is  exceeded  by  most 
American  universities  of  our  fame  and  reputation,  and  yet 
this  is  a  substantial  growth,  averaging  about  30  new  stu- 
dents a  year,  or  5  per  cent.  We  might  easily  have  doubled 
this  number  of  students,  if  our  aim  had  been  numbers  in- 


94  JEFFERSON'S   UNIVERSITY 

stead  of  quality,  if  our  thought  had  been  of  mere  size  in- 
stead of  personality  and  individuality.  Our  academic  leg- 
islation, however,  has  all  been  in  the  direction  of  admitting 
only  the  best  men  and  permitting  to  remain  here  only  the 
fittest  men,  for  our  theory  has  been  that  a  University  like 
an  army  is  not  mob  but  an  organism  and  must  grow  in  or- 
ganic ways  for  life  and  power.  We  do  not  covet  a  small 
University  particularly,  for  we  desire  to  touch  in  construc- 
tive ways  as  many  men  as  possible.  Neither  do  we  covet 
a  big  University.  What  we  covet  is  a  real  University  com- 
posed of  men  fit  to  be  here  and  able  to  stay  here.  We  want 
just  as  many  such  men  of  high  character  as  we  can  find  and 
we  want  none  other.  We  shall  be  satisfied  only  with  the 
best  in  education  whether  we  be  big  or  little  measured  by 
numbers.  Our  faculty  has  increased  over  100  per  cent ; 
our  students  nearly  40  per  cent,  in  spite  of  the  introduction 
within  this  decade  of  entrance  requirements  equivalent  to 
those  of  the  strongest  American  universities.  Our  endow- 
ments have  been  nearly  trebled.  Our  appropriation  from 
the  State  has  been  more  than  doubled.  The  value  of  the 
buildings  and  grounds  has  been  increased  20  per  cent.  Our 
total  annual  income  has  been  doubled,  and  the  number  of 
endowed  scholarships  and  fellowships  has  been  more  than 
trebled.  The  number  of  full  professors,  as  I  have  indi- 
cated, has  been  nearly  doubled,  and  the  total  numerical 
strength  of  the  teaching  staff  has  been  nearly  trebled. 

"I  believe  it  will  interest  and  gratify  the  friends  and 
alumni  of  the  University  and,  in  some  measure,  astonish 
them  to  know  the  different  ways  in  which  it  is  now  mov- 
ing in  the  field  of  twentieth  century  educational  coopera- 
tion. I  shall  barely  mention  some  of  the  directions  in  which 
our  activity  is  being  exerted:  1.  The  Geological  Depart- 
ment with  its  scientific  organization  and  study  of  the  whole 


FIRST  PRESIDENT :   TEN  YEARS  95 

geological  and  mineral  life  of  the  State ;  2.  The  Depart- 
ment of  Forestry,  recently  established  and  just  about  to 
enter  upon  its  work  of  conserving,  protecting,  and  extend- 
ing the  forest  life  of  the  State  in  which  a  great  fraction  of 
our  public  wealth  is  centered;  3.  The  Hospital  of  the  Uni- 
versity with  its  enormous  public  service  to  the  sick  and  un- 
fortunate and  its  investigations  and  work  in  the  field  of 
public  health ;  4.  The  School  of  Secondary  Education, 
which  began  with  the  work  of  Dr.  Bruce  R.  Payne,  and  is 
being  continued  under  the  direction  of  Professor  Maphis. 
It  may  be  claimed  that  this  simple  agency,  cooperating  with 
the  State  Department  of  Education,  has  done  a  monu- 
mental work  in  developing  and  strengthening  the  public 
high  schools  of  the  State ;  5.  The  Department  of  Educa- 
tion, now  being  organized  into  a  full  department  coordinate 
with  law,  medicine,  or  engineering,  not  only  for  the  pur- 
pose of  training  teachers  but  for  organizing  and  promot- 
ing all  forms  of  University  Extension.  Perhaps  the  larg- 
est service  of  such  a  department  will  be  to  cooperate  in  a 
hearty  and  cordial  manner  with  similar  departments  and 
institutions  throughout  the  State ;  6.  The  University  ex- 
tension work  soon  to  be  a  full  bureau  which  will  have  for 
its  purpose  spreading  the  work  of  the  University  through- 
out the  State  not  only  by  public  lectures  but  by  organized 
service,  so  that  no  community  in  need  of  expert  advice  can 
fail  to  know  where  to  ask  for  it;  7.  The  Summer  School 
of  2,000  students,  mainly  adults,  who  here  get  stimulation 
and  knowledge  for  their  great  work. 

"It  will  be  equally  interesting  to  our  friends  and  alumni 
to  know  how  the  public  is  coming  to  ask  the  service  of  the 
professors  at  this  University  in  helping  them  in  their  par- 
ticular needs.  University  professors  or  officers  are  to  be 
or  have  been  in  service  in  cooperation  with  State  officers, 


96  JEFFERSON'S   UNIVERSITY 

on  the  following  boards,  and  I  am  not  giving  an  exhaustive 
list :  The  Education  Commission,  the  Geological  Commis- 
sion, State  Cooperative  Association,  State  Board  of  Edu- 
cation, State  Highway  Commission,  State  Tax  Commis- 
sion, Federal  Tariff  Commission. 

"One  hears  a  great  deal  about  the  duty  of  the  State  to 
care  for  its  University  and  its  public  educational  institu- 
tions. One  is  beginning  to  hear  more  clearly  and  strongly 
in  these  days  a  great  deal  about  the  duty  of  the  University 
to  care  for  the  State.  I  cannot  think  of  a  more  helpful 
idea  for  consideration  than  the  idea  of  the  two-fold  char- 
acter of  an  institution  of  learning  like  a  university.  The 
primary  duty  of  a  university  undoubtedly  is  to  discover 
truth,  to  set  standards,  and  to  train  men  within  its  own 
walls.  The  secondary  duty  is  to  carry  its  knowledge  and 
power  to  the  whole  life  of  the  State  and  region  which  it 
serves.  We  may  claim,  then,  with  fair  reasonableness,  that 
the  past  ten  years  have  been  earnest,  striving,  fruitful  years 
in  the  life  of  this  ancient  foundation,  soon  to  celebrate  in 
1919  the  centennial  of  its  existence.  What  has  been  wisely 
done  will  stand ;  what  is  ephemeral  will  pass  away,  and  in 
this  day,  as  of  old,  it  is  true  that  there  is  no  splendor  in  a 
satisfactory  present  order  or  a  great  past  if  these  do  not 
urge  men  onward." 

At  the  close  of  the  session  of  1909-10  the  faculty  pre- 
sented to  President  Alderman  a  loving  cup  inscribed :  "To 
Edwin  Anderson  Alderman,  first  President  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Virginia,  in  grateful  recognition  of  his  devoted 
and  efficient  services  to  the  University  of  Virginia,  in  the 
increase  of  its  resources,  in  the  expansion  of  its  work,  in 
the  enhancement  of  its  usefulness  without  sacrifice  of  its 
standards  or  traditions,  and  also  of  his  just  and  sympathetic 


FIRST  PRESIDENT:'.,  TEN  YEAR'S- ;  i  /••     97 

attitude  towards  his  colleagues,  from  the  members  of  the 
Faculty  of  the  University  of  Virginia,  1910." 

A  similar  tribute  had  been  paid  to  President  Alderman 
by  the  people  of  Charlottesville  in  1908. 

GOOD-BYE 

In  text  and  illustration  attempt  has  been  made  to  show 
the  extent  and  beauty  of  "The  Academic  Village,"  while 
the  spirit  and  compulsion  of  the  student's  environment  have 
not  been  passed  over.  What  is  strongly  felt  by  every  man 
of  impressionable  soul  who  has  studied  here  has  not  found 
adequate  expression,  of  course.  The  influence  and  achieve- 
ments of  those  who  have  gone  forth  cannot  be  estimated 
even  by  one  who  paces  these  studious  precincts,  but  if  any 
doubt  that  they  have  been  of  surpassing  merit  let  him  study 
the  history,  civil  and  military,  of  this  country.  For  ninety 
years  men  have  left  these  halls  stronger  in  character  and 
mental  equipment  than  they  entered  them,  taking  increase 
to  the  sum  of  the  moral  and  mental  wealth  which  exalts  a 
nation,  and  returning  to  the  Alma  Mater  a  generous  tribute 
of  prestige.  The  dignity  of  age  is  hers,  while  naught  of 
the  beauty  and  strength  of  her  youth  has  departed.  It  'is 
the  firm  conviction  of  her  children  that  the  coming  years 
will  add  to  without  withering  the  infinite  variety  of  her 
virtues. 


THE    HONOR    MEN* 

The  University  of  Virginia  writes  her  highest  degree  on 
the  souls  of  her  sons.  The  parchment  page  of  scholarship 
— the  colored  ribbon  of  a  society— the  jeweled  emblem  of 
a  fraternity — the  orange  symbol  of  athletic  prowess — all 
these,  a  year  hence,  will  be  at  best  the  mementos  of  happy 
hours — like  the  withered  flower  a  woman  presses  between 
the  pages  of  a  book  for  sentiment's  sake. 

But— 

If  you  live  a  long,  long  time,  and  hold  honesty  of  con- 
science above  honesty  of  purse ; 

And  turn  aside  without  ostentation  to  aid  the  weak; 

And  treasure  ideals  more  than  raw  ambition ; 

And  track  no  man  to  his  undeserved  hurt; 

And  pursue  no  woman  to  her  tears ; 

And  love  the  beauty  of  noble  music  and  mist-veiled 
mountains  and  blossoming  valleys  and  great  monuments — 

If  you  live  a  very  long  time  and,  keeping  the  faith  in  all 
these  things  hour  by  hour,  still  see  that  the  sun  gilds  your 
path  with  real  gold  and  that  the  moon  floats  in  dream 
silver ; 

Then- 
Remembering   the    purple    shadows    on    the    Lawn,    the 

majesty  of  the  colonnades,  and  the  dream  of  your  youth, 

you  may  say  in  reverence  and  thankfulness : 

"I  have  worn  the  honors  of  Honor.     I  graduated  from 

Virginia." 

JAMSS  HAY,  JR.,  '03. 


*From   1912   Corks   and   Curls. 


INDEX 


Alderman,  Edwin  A.: 

First   president,    10,   91. 

Loving  cup   presented,   96. 
Alumni: 

Society   of   the,   76. 

General  association,  79. 

Orators  and  presidents,  77-81. 

Recent   activities,   81. 
"Alumni   Bulletin,"  63. 
"Alumni   News,"  63. 
"Annals  of  Mathematics,"  63. 
Athletic  Association,   11,   71. 
Athletics:  early,  65,  75. 
Baseball,  69. 
"Big  Tent,"  63. 
Blaetterman,  George,  5. 
Boating,  67. 

Bonnycastle,    Charles,   5. 
Brooks   Museum,  48. 
Cabell,   Joseph    C.,   36. 
Cabell  Hall,  34. 
Carnegie   Organ,  38. 
Carr's    Hill,    54. 
Cemetery,   86. 
Cemetery,  Soldiers',  F.9. 
Chapel,  47. 
Civil  War,   84. 
Class   Organization,   83. 
College  Press,  60. 
"College  Topics,"  61. 
"Collegian"   (1838),  60. 
Colonnade   Club,  81. 
Commons,   52. 
"Corks    and    Curls,"    62. 
Curriculum,  11. 
Dawson's  Row,  43. 
Dunglison,    Robley,    5. 
Easter  Week,   73. 
Educational    Freedom,   16. 
Emmet,  Dr.  John  P.,  6. 
Ezekiel's,  "Homer,"  42: 

"Jefferson,"  42. 
Faculty  Government,  8. 
Fayerweather   Gymnasium,   70. 
Fire   of   1895,   32: 

Commemorative  Tablet,  36. 
Football,   69. 
Gateway,   55. 

"The   Good  Old  Song,"  72. 
General   Plan,  21. 
Gordon,   James   Lindsay,   7. 
Gymnastics,  69. 
"Honor  Men,"  98. 
Honor  System,  17. 
Hospital,   49. 


Jefferson,    Thomas,    Last    visit    to 

the    University,    29. 
"Jefferson  Monument  Magazine,"  60. 
Key,  Thomas   Hewitt,  5: 

6 — note. 
Lafayette,    30. 
Lawn,   The,   21: 

Diagram,  22. 

Lengthening,  34. 
Lee,  Robert  E.,  Portrait,  33. 
Library,   Old,   25: 

In   Rotunda,  31. 
Long,  George,  5. 
McCormick    Observatory,    49. 
Madison    Hall,    44. 
"Madison  Hall  Notes,"  62. 
Mechanical   Laboratory,   34. 
Minor  Hall,  52. 
Monroe  Hill,  43. 
Motto  of  the  University,  35. 
"Orange  and   Blue  Paper,"  63. 
Paintings   and   Statues,   36-43. 
Pavilions   and   Dormitories,  29. 
Peabody  Hall  (Education  Bldg.),  54. 
Presidency: 

Established,  91. 

First  decade,  91. 
President's   House,   54. 
Professors'    Residences,   22. 
Ranges,   The,    25. 
Rotunda,  28: 

Burned,  30,  32. 

Model,  33. 

Societies,    Literary,   58. 
"Sons   of  Liberty,"  84. 
"Southern  Guard,"  84. 
Stuart,  J.  E.  B.,  Portrait,  36. 
Student  Activities,   11: 

As    "rolling   stones,"    15. 

Freedom,   17. 
Tucker,   George,  6. 
University   Colors,   75. 
"University      Literary      Magazine" 

(1849),   60. 
"University  of  Virginia  Magazine" 

(1856),  61. 

Venable,   Col.    Charles   S.,   37. 
"Virginia   Law    Review,"   62. 
"Virginia     Literary     Museum     and 
Journal  of  Belles  Lettres,"  63. 
Voorhees  of  Indiana,  31. 
Washington  Statue,  45. 
Y.  M.  C.  A.,  45. 
"Yellow  Journal,"   62. 
Yells,   72. 


ILLUSTRATION  S 


Alumni  Annex  to  Colonnade  Club, 

50. 

Edwin  A.  Alderman,  90. 
Baseball  Team   (1867),  66. 
Bird's-eye  View,  20. 
Cabell  Hall,  35. 
Class  Day   Exercises,  82. 
Colonnade,  12. 
Confederate   Medals,   85. 
"Corner"  Building  and  Gateway,  56. 
Crew   of   1877,   64. 
Fayerweather  Gymnasium,  71. 
First  Football  Team,  68. 
Garden  between  Lawn  and  Range, 

27. 

Graduation    Day   Procession,   23. 
Homer  Statue,  35. 


I  Hospital,   51. 
Jeff  Hall,  26. 

Thomas  Jefferson   Statue,   4. 
Lambeth   Field  and  Stadium,  74. 
Madison  Hall,  44. 
Minor  Hall,  53. 

Monument  to  Confederate  Dead,  £ 
James  M.  Page,  9. 
Peabody  Hall,  55. 
Poe's   Room,   14,  26. 
President's   House,   53. 
Reunion  Trophy  Cup,  80. 
South  Front  of  Rotunda,  29. 
George  Tucker,  6. 
Founders  of  Y.  M.   C.  A.,  46. 
Zolnay's  Bust  of  Poe,  38. 


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WASHINGTON,  13    C. 


A  SCHOOL  FOR  GIRLS.     ESTABLISHED  IN  1892. 

Preparatory  and  Academic  Courses.     Two  years  Post-graduate  and  College  Work, 

Music,  Art  and  Expression.      Domestic  Science.      Building  especially 

planned.     Required  Athletics  under  trained  supervision. 

MRS.  BEVERLEY  R.  MASON.  Principal. 


College 

FOR  YOUNG  WOMEN 

Founded  1842 


A  four  years'  College  Course  leads  to  the  A.  B.  Degree 
Music  and  other  specials 

ADDRESS:  HOLLINS,  VIRGINIA 


The  General   Theological  Seminary 

Chelsea  Square  New  York  City. 

ESTABLISHED  IN  1817 

The  only  Seminary  under  the  control  of  the  whole  church  through  the 
General  Convention.  The  student-body  represents  in  the  current  year  39 
colleges  and  53  dioceses. 

The  courses  of  study,  which  includes  abundant  opportunity  for  elective 
and  seminar  work,  informs  students  of  all  the  important  phases  of  Theo- 
logical Thought  current  in  the  Church. 

For  detailed  information  regarding  charges,  courses  of  study,  scholar- 
ships, etc.,  address, 

THE  DEAN, 

1  Chelsea  Square, 

NEW  YORK  CITY. 


The  Protestant  Episcopal  Theological 
Seminary  in  Virginia 

The  Session  opens  the  Third  Wednesday  in  September 


FACULTY: 

Rev.  Angus  Crawford,  M.  A.,  D.  D.,  Dean,  Hebrew  and  Old  Testament  Literature. 

Rev.  Samuel  A.  Wallis,  D.  D.,  Church  Polity,  Pastoral  Theology,  Liturgies,  Canon  Law,  Sunday 

Pedagogics,  Chaplain  to  the  Seminary,  and  Secretary  to  the  Faculty. 
Rev.  Berryman  Green,  D.  D.,  English  Bible,  Homileties,  Ethics,  and  Sociology. 
Rev.  Paca  Kennedy,  M.  A.,  B.  D.,  Greek  Testament. 

Rev.  Wilbur  Cosby  Bell,  B.  A.,  D.  D.,  Systematic  Divinity  and  Apologetics. 
Rev.  Wallace  E.  Rollins,  B.  A.,  B.  D.,  Ecclesiastical  History,  and  Christian  Missions. 
Mr.  Willoughby  Reade,  M.  El.,  Instructor  in  Elocution  and  Music. 


Alumni,  over   1 000;  Bishops,  38;  Foreign   Missionaries,    70.     This  Seminary  has  founded  all  the 
Foreign  Missions  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church.     Library,  30,000  volumes. 


AMERICAN  LITERATURE 

By  JOHN  CALVIN  METCALF,  Lilt.  D. 

Professor  of  Eng'ish  Literature  in  Richmond  College,  Professor  of  English  Literature  in  University  of 
Virginia  Summer  School,  author  of  History  of  English  Literature. 

A  fuller  treatment  of  Southern  writers  is  to  be  found  in  Metcalf's  American 
Literature  than  in  similar  texts.  In  the  last  decade  or  two  the  recognition  of  the 
literary  contribution  of  the  South  has  steadily  grown,  until  the  space  allotted  to  the 
subject  has  assumed  respectable  proportions.  In  recent  histories  it  covers  many 
pages.  Even  yet,  however,  we  have  only  imperfectly  come  to  understand  the  far- 
reaching  consequence  in  Southern  literary  development  since  1870;  while  the  ster- 
ling worth  of  a  few  older  authors  is  just  now  becoming  more  apparent  as  we  are 
getting  far  enough  away  from  the  adverse  conditions  under  which  they  wrote  to  see 
things  in  right  perspective. 

415  Pages,  Illustrated.      Price,  Postpaid,  $1.25. 

Write  for  specimen  pages. 


B.  F.  Johnson  Publishing  Co. 

ATLANTA  RICHMOND  DALLAS 


STATE  NORMAL  SCHOOL  FOR  WOMEN 

FARMVILLE,  VIRGINIA 

Graduates  of  approved  four-year  high  schools  are  admitted  without  examination  to  the  Junior 
Year  of  any  of  the  following  courses : 

Professional  Course  I  —  Leading  to  kindergarten  work. 
Professional  Course  II— Leading  to  primary  work. 

Professional  Course  HI  — Leading  to  intermediate  and  grammar  grade  work. 
Professional  Course  IV— Leading  to  high  school  work. 
Professional  Course  V— Leading  to  work  in  rural  graded  schools. 

State  students  who  pledge  themselves  to  teach  for  two  years  in  the  public  schools  of  Virginia 
pay  no  tuition . 

For  catalogue,  giving  full  information  concerning   State   Scholarships,    courses,   expenses,  etci, 
address 

J.   L.  JARMAN,  President. 


ST.  HILDA'S  HALL     -     -     Charles  Town,  W.  Va. 

A  School  for  Girls  opens  Sept.  22,  1915,  under  the  auspices  of  the  Bishops  of  the  Diocese. 

Home  influences  aud  Church  training. 

Regular  and  Elective  Courses. 

Special  advantages  in  Music,  Art,  Athletics,  and  Field  Sports. 

Summer  Camps  on  Shenandoah  River. 

MARIA  PENDLETON  DUVAL,  Principal. 


The  Shenandoah  Valley  Academy 

WINCHESTER,  VA. 

A  MILITARY  SCHOOL  FOR  BOYS 

All    Southern    Accredited    List 

B.  M.  ROSZEL,  Ph.  D.,  Principal. 


DANVILLE,  VA. 

WILLIAM  HOLMES  DAVIS.  A.  B.,  Headmaster 

A  preparatory  school  for  boys  that  has  had  a  lai  ger  enrollmei  t  each  succeeding  year  since  its 
establishment. 

Average  age  of  students- -sixteen  and  a  half  years. 

Eighty-eight  per  cent,  of  all  the  graduates  have  entered  college  or  university. 
Two-thirds  of  the  students  of  every  session  since  establishment  have  returned  for  the  ensuing 
on. 
$400  a  year.     Catalogue  sent  on  request. 


Florida  Military  Academy 

JACKSONVILLE,  FLORIDA 
A  SCHOOL  FOR  YOUNG  GENTLEMEN 

Endorsed  by  Leading  Universities,  by  the  Southern  Commission 
and  by  the  Regents  of  New  York. 

Patronage  comes  from  the  very  best  hones.     Buildings  and  equipment  new  and  modern.     Faculty 

of  College  Graduates  with  teaching  experience.     Health  record  perfect. 

Charges  very  reasonable.      Write,  for  Catalogue. 


Mary  Baldwin  Seminary 

FOR  YOUNG  LADIES 

Staunton, 


Term  begins  Sept.  9th,  1915.  Located  in  the  beautiful 
and  historic  Shenandoah  Valley  of  Virginia.  Unsur- 
passed climate,  beautiful  grounds  and  modern  appoint- 
ments. Students  past  session  from  35  states.  Terms 
moderate.  Pupils  enter  any  time.  Send  for  catalogue. 


A  Country  School  for  Girls  in  New  York  City 

1890-1915 
BOARDING  AND  DAY  SCHOOL  FOR  GIRLS 

Spacious  recreation  grounds,  wooded  park,  tennis  courts ;  all  the  outdoor  advantages  of  the  coun- 
tjry  with  ready  accessibility  to,  and  full  enjoyment  of,  the  libraries,  museums,  lecture  courses,  concerts, 
art  exhibitions,  and  all  the  cultural  influences  of  New  York. 

Small  enough  to  be  a  real  home,  large  enough  to  be  a  "Real  School."  Exceptionally  strong 
music  department.  Special  courses  in  Dancing.  Elocution,  Art,  Gymnastics  and  Household 
Science.  Pupils  enter  college  upon  its  own  certificate. 

MISS  BANGS  and  MISS  WHITON 

Riverdale  Avenue,  Near  252nd  St.  West  NEW  YORK  CITY 


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